This technology heavily influenced early cognitive psychologists.
What is the computer?
100
This cell specialized to create, receive, and transmit information in the nervous system. It consists of a cell body, an axon and dendrites.
What is a neuron?
100
This is the process of detecting stimuli. It involves reception, transduction, and transmission.
What is sensation?
100
This is the name of the stimulus that interferes with the processing of another.
What is a distraction?
100
Atkinson and Shiffrin came up with this memory model in 1968 which emphasizes the existence of different memory stores.
What is the modal memory model?
200
This methodological technique involved training observers to reflect and report on their conscious experience while performing cognitive tasks.
What is introspection?
200
The specialization of function of the two cerebral hemispheres.
What is lateralization?
200
With this type of processing, the perceiver starts with small bits of information from the environment that he or she combines in various ways to form a percept.
What is bottom-up processing?
200
This type of failure of attention is the phenomenon of not noticing something even though it is in clear view. It introduced a paradigm nicknamed "the invisible gorilla."
What is inattentional blindness?
200
Their memory model was a response to the modal memory model. Their model introduced the concept of "working-memory."
Who is Baddeley and Hitch (1974)?
300
He was the first to use quantitative measures to study cognition. In particular, he was interested in the process of forgetting.
Who is Hermann Ebbinghaus?
300
As blood is carried from the heart, it is maximally magnetic. As it pases through capillaries, it becomes less magnetic. This type of functional technique relies on these principles.
What is functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)?
300
This type of processing contributes to context effects and expectation effects.
What is top-down processing?
300
This phenomenon occurs in a situation in which one can selectively attend to part of a noisy environment, yet unattended information (that is typically highly pertinent) can suddenly capture attention.
What is the cocktail party phenomenon?
300
This memory store is part of Atkinson and Shiffrin's model, and is thought to hold onto incoming sensory information for very brief periods of time and consists of iconic and echoic memory stores.
What is sensory memory?
400
His work with rats in mazes inspired him to think of the concept of cognitive maps and helped move psychologists away from Behaviorism.
Who is Edward C. Tolman?
400
This is a situation in which Patient 1 with damage in Area 1 is unable to perform Task 1 but able to perform Task 2, and Patient 2 with damage in Area 2 (but intact Area 1) is simultaneously able to perform Task 1 and unable to perform Task 2.
What is double dissociation?
400
This stream extends from the occipital lobe to the parietal lobe and is considered the "where/how" or "action" pathway.
What is dorsal stream?
400
Don MacKay proposed this type of model, which postulated that most incoming information is processed to the level of meaning before the message to be further processed is selected.
What is late-selection?
400
This is the encoded mental representation of to-be-remembered information that is not rehearsed.
What is the memory trace?
500
He argued against Skinner's hypothesis that language is learned through operant conditioning. Instead, he argued that language is innate.
Who is Noam Chomsky?
500
This is the idea that specific cognitive functions activate many areas of the brain.
What is distributed representation?
500
This effect occurs when an absent phoneme is perceived because of strong town-down context from surrounding words or the sentence.
What is the phonemic restoration effect?
500
This methodology consists of playing two different messages in each ear through a set of headphones and instructing the participant to pay attention to one specific ear.
What is dichotic listening?
500
This is a process of forgetting in which material is thought to be buried or otherwise displaced by other information but still exists somewhere in the memory store.