Emphasize how we process stimulus characteristics.
What are bottom-up processes?
100
The process of storing units of information as strongly associated components.
What is "chunking"?
100
This mental representation of stimuli when those stimuli are not physically present.
What is mental imagery?
100
This part of the memory can only hold about 7 pieces of information.
What is short term memory?
100
This language is spoken in the most countries.
What is English?
200
Emphasize how we process concepts, expectations, and memory.
What are top-down processes?
200
It comprises the primacy effect (items learned initially on a list are recalled better) and the recency effect (items learned most recently are recalled better).
What is the serial position effect?
200
Research indicates a relationship between the amount of this and reaction time to recognize a stimulus.
What is mental rotation?
200
This is the term used to describe our short term visual memory - when we see something it burns an image in our mind for just about a second.
What is iconic memory?
200
These are the two areas of the brain that are most responsible for speech and language.
What is Broca's and Wernicke's area?
300
Humans are born with a specialized device that allows us to decode speech stimuli. This approach can be used to explain why speech sounds are processed more quickly and accurately than other auditory stimuli. Evidence of categorical speech perception is used to support this approach.
What is the special-mechanism approach?
300
Our immediate memory is a multipart system that temporarily holds and manipulates information while we perform cognitive tasks.
What is the working memory approach?
300
A depictive representation or pictorial representation. Used in contrast to a representation that is descriptive.
What is the analog code?
300
This is the term for Later learning interferes with the previous learning
What is retroactive interference?
300
This is a way of teaching communication with babies at a young age, before speech skills can develop.
What is baby sign language?
400
According to this approach, humans use the same neural mechanisms to process both speech sounds and nonspeech sounds.
What is the general mechanism approach?
400
A component of the working memory system that plays a role in focusing attention, selecting strategies, transforming information, and coordinating behavior.
What is the central executive?
400
The mental representation of sounds when the sounds are not physically present.
What is the auditory imagery?
400
This is the term for the gradual loss of primary memory.
What is decay?
400
This is the term used to describe the changing vowel sounds in the areas arounds the Great Lake Region.
What is vowel shift?
500
Views attention according to two separate processes: distributed attention and focused attention. This approach has been used to explain the phenomenon known as the "illusory conjunction."
What is the feature-integration approach?
500
A type of deep processing that involves elaborating on a unit of information in a way that connects it to oneself. It is thought to be effective for retention in long-term memory.
What is the self-reference effect?
500
This is used to describe how a figure that is slightly tilted will be remembered as being either more vertical or more horizontal than it really is.
What is the alignment heuristic?
500
Remembering what your day was like on 9/11/01 is an example of this term.
What is flashbulb memory?
500
This is one of the words that was coined by George W. Bush.