Memory
The ability to store a small amount of information in the mind for a short period of time.
Working memory
Your ability to remember the items at the beginning or end of a list.
Serial Position Effect
The Cocktail Party Effect
The ability to derive information, learn from experience, adapt to the environment, understand, and correctly utilize thought and reason.
Intelligence
a psychological concept that describes how people perceive stimuli by starting with sensory information and building up to a more complex understanding
a) top down processing
b) bottom up processing
c) perception
A psychological model (usually a graph) that shows how people lose information over time if they don't use it.
The forgetting curve
The ability to intentionally recall facts, events, and ideas that have happened in a person's life.
a) Explicit memory
b) Procedural memory
c) Semantic memory
A psychological phenomenon that occurs when someone doesn't notice a significant change to a visual stimulus
Change blindness
A set of step-by-step instructions that are used to solve a problem or make a decision
a) Heuristics
b) Algorithm
c) Prototype
A psychological process that uses existing knowledge and expectations to interpret new sensory information
a) bottom up processing
b) top down processing
c) perception
After a car accident Maria is having trouble forming new memories. She knows who her husband is, but can't remember what she had for lunch that day. What type of amnesia is this?
Anterograde amnesia
After a car accident Maria wakes up with memory loss. She remembers who she is, but has no memory of the events leading up to the accident. What type of amnesia is this?
Retrograde Amnesia
A mental framework used to organize information into categories.
A) Algorithm
B) Heuristic
C) Schema
Students who perform well in one cognitive area tend to do well in others, suggesting a common underlying factor influencing performance across intellectual domains. This is known as...
General intelligence (g)
The formula for determining someone's IQ
Mental Age/Chronological Age x 100
A memory strategy where new information is actively connected to existing knowledge in long-term memory, by thinking about its meaning and relating it to other concepts, which significantly improves the chances of retaining that information long-term
a) State-dependent learning
b) Elaborative rehearsal
c) Distributed practice
The long-term memory system that stores general knowledge about the world, including the meanings of words, facts, and concepts.
a) Semantic memory
b) Episodic memory
c) Procedural memory
A mental shortcut used to make decisions quickly. Example: You see a hooded figure in an alley and decide to walk faster.
a) Prototype
b) Heuristic
c) Schema
Improvements in educational systems, nutrition, and health care are thought to contribute to the rise in IQ scores throughout the past few decades. What is this known as?
The Flynn Effect
the degree to which a study's findings can be applied to a larger group of people or situations
Generalizability
The more you practice a skill, the better you become. This is because the neural pathways in your brain are strengthening when things are repeated. What is this called? (hint: LTP)
When new information makes it harder to recall previously learned information
a) proactive interference
b) retroactive interference
c) serial position effect
A school of thought that studies how people perceive, think, and feel by focusing on the whole rather than the individual parts:.
Gestalt psychology
The process of modifying or adjusting mental frameworks, or schemas, to incorporate new information or experiences.
a) assimilation
b) accommodation
c) encoding
a method used in experiments where participants are allocated to different groups completely by chance, ensuring that each individual has an equal probability of being placed in any given group, thereby minimizing bias and allowing researchers to confidently attribute any observed differences to the manipulated variable in the study
Random assignment