Memory Processing
You can't remember your new phone number because your old one keeps popping into your head. This is an example of this kind of interference.
Proactive interference
Breaking apart information into small pieces, so that it is easier to remember
Chunking
Creative thinking method that expands the number of possible problem solutions.
Divergent thinking
When people hear only the information that confirms their existing beliefs, while ignoring anything that contradicts them.
Confirmation bias
The MAP test is an example of what type of tests? why?
Achievement test
A patient with anterograde amnesia can learn to solve a complex visual puzzle faster over several days, despite having no conscious memory of ever seeing the puzzle before. This ability is a function of what memory system?
Procedural memory
After reading his grocery list, Adam could only recall the first few items. This is an example of:
The primacy effect
A defined set of step-by-step procedures that provides the correct answer to a particular problem.
Algorithm
Lucy continues to buy Pokemon card packs, convinced that her "luck has to change" after a long streak of bad pulls. Her thinking is an example of:
Gambler's fallacy
Administering a test twice (to the same person) at two different points in time to prove consistency.
Test-Retest Reliability
Storage decay concept that proved close to 70% percent of information is forgotten with 24 hours of initially being learned.
The forgetting curve
The inability to recall where or how you learned a piece of information, even though you remember the information itself.
Source amnesia
After seeing a devastating plane crash on the news, Jimmy now believes air travel is___. This newfound belief is due to the mental shortcut of:
Common, too dangerous...
Availability heuristics
After almost giving up on fixing the loose leg on the table because he couldn’t find a screwdriver, Aaron used a knife that was nearby. Aaron was able to fix the table by overcoming _______.
Functional fixedness
What is the Robert Sternberg's Triarchic Theory
Practical, Creative, Analytical
When studying the word "altruistic," Michael remembers it by thinking of a time he helped a stranger, which makes him more likely to recall it later. This memory advantage is called:
Self-reference effect
This phenomenon occurs when exposure to a word like "sour" later makes you faster to recognise the word "sweet"
Priming
This cognitive bias describes our tendency to approach a problem with the mindset of what has worked for us in the past, even if a more efficient method exists.
Mental set
After first seeing a coat priced at $1,500, a customer later perceives a similar $1200 coat as a much better deal when it's still very expensive. This demonstrates:
Anchoring bias
Describe crystallised and fluid intelligence
crystallised: increase with age
fluid: peak in/before early adulthood
Describe the entire multi-store model
Sensory input - sensory memory - encoding/attention - short term (rehearsal) - encoding/storage - long term (retrieval)
If studying while smelling a specific scent helps you remember the material during the test when you smell it again, you are demonstrating what type of memory.
state-dependent memory
A student who accurately predicts she will perform poorly on a physics exam because she knows she didn't understand anything from the course is demonstrating a key aspect of this cognitive process:
Metacognition
People are more likely to choose a hamburger described as "90% lean" than one described as "10% fat," this demonstrates what effect?
Framing effect
A 12-year-old who performs on an intelligence test at the level of an average 15-year-old would have an IQ of:
Mental Age/Chronological Age x 100
= 15/12 x 100 = 125