Early Psychology
What did Wilhelm Wundt do?
Created the first psychology lab
What is cognitive neuroscience?
The study of how the brain influences cognition
Name the example used for describing experience dependent plasticity
Ex: Cats that were exposed to only horizontal or vertical lines for the early stages of life. Each cat searched for these types of lines after they were exposed to life outside the stimuli they lived in.
What is the difference between sensation and perception?
Sensation = physical process
Perception = cognitive process
What did John B. Watson create?
Classical Conditioning
Name two types of neuroimaging
CT scans, MRI, EEG, TMS, ERPs, single cell recording
What are the four lobes of the brain?
Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal
agnosia = cannot identify or recognize objects/things
prosopagnosia = inability to recognize faces
What did B.F. Skinner create?
Operant conditioning: positive and negative reinforcement and punishment
Include: dendrites, cell body, Schwann cell, nucleus, axon, myelin sheath, node of ranvier, synapses, and axon terminal.
What is the difference between Broca's aphasia and Wernike's aphasia?
Broca's = difficulty producing speech
Wernicke's = impairment of comprehension
What are mirror neurons and what do they do?
These neurons identify what others do and allow us to replicate the actions of what we see. Ex: Monkey see, monkey do.
What does the computer model refer to?
Taking in information, performing internal operations on input, and returning output. Comparing the use of the mind to the use of a computer.
Where are the kinds of neural communications, and where do they happen?
Chemical communication happens between neurons
Electrical communication happens within neurons
What is the function of the Thalamus?
Relays messages and acts as the sensory switchboard of the brain.
What is the difference between bottom up and top down processing?
Bottom-up processing starts with information received by the receptors
Top down processing is influenced by our knowledge, expectations, and contexts
Who created the Modal Model?
Atkinson & Shiffrin
Where does neurogenesis happen?
The hippocampus and the olfactory bulb
What is aphasia?
Disruption of language due to brain disorder or injury
Define speech segmentation and transitional probabilities.
Segmentation: The process of perceiving individual words within the continuous flow of the speech signal
Transitional prob: the likelihood that one speech sound will follow another within a word