Chap. 5
What is short-term memory?
The type of memory that retrieves information from more than 20 seconds ago.
What is long term memory?
The stage of long term memory, in which various processes are utilized in transferring information to working memory.
What is retrieval?
The phenomenon that occurs when participants > 40 are asked to recall past events, and their best memory (besides recent) for period from adolescence to early adulthood.
What is the reminiscence bump?
The condition that the patient in Kentridge et al. (2004) had, which showed that attention is still possible unconsciously.
What is blindsight?
The type of cues used in Sperling's (1960) classic paradigm that suggested sensory memory had a larger capacity than previously thought.
What are delayed cues?
The type of memory that can be lost over time, leaving only semantic.
The concept that it is important to take into account whether the type of study processing matches the type of test processing.
What is “Transfer-appropriate processing” (TAP)?
The two areas of the brain that were activated more strongly when looking at photos someone took themself compared to photos someone else took in Cabeza et al. (2004).
What are the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex?
The type of memory shown to contain implicit/unconscious processes in Blaxton's study (1989), which involved questions such as "For what crime were the Rosenbergs executed?"
What is semantic memory?
The original system created by the phonological loop, the central executive, and the visuospatial sketch pad.
What is Baddeley's working memory model?
The study that showed evidence for semantic coding in short term memory, release of proactive interference, and evidence for memory encoding to involve meaning.
What is Wickens et al. (1976)?
The aspect of learning that aided in encoding memory in Bower and Winzenz's (1970) psychological study that used word pairs.
What is visual imagery?
The historical event that Neisser and Harsh's (1992) study, which showed that flashbulb memories change over time, used to test participants.
What was the Challenger explosion?
An important example of strategic control being unconscious, that utilized "go - no/go" tasks, where subliminal "no/go" stimuli had slower responses relative to "go" trials.
The phenomenon of repetitive unrelated sounds that prevents one from rehearsing items to be remembered that also eliminates the word-length effect.
What is articulatory suppression?
The type of memory that knowing who the President is might fall under.
The thing that was shown to be better with deeper encoding in Craik & Tulving (1975).
What is memory?
The term defined by "typical events in various common experiences"; allows us to make inferences that influence memory.
What is a script?
The category of words defined as "complete word stem w/prior words" in Jacoby's 1991 study on the "process dissociation procedure".
What is inclusion (I)?
The part of memory that monkeys without a prefrontal cortex have difficulty holding information in.
What is working memory?
The condition that occurs when an initially neutral stimulus occurs along with another non-neutral stimulus.
The type of LTM formation that invokes a gradual reorganization of the circuits in the brain over months and years.
What is systems consolidation?
The effect characterized by participants rating confidence higher after confirming feedback (and lower after disconfirming feedback) in Wells & Bradfield (1998).
What is the Post-identification feedback effect?
The significant factor from society that influences bias, making true bias difficult to distinguish from familiarity effects.
Stereotyped media exposure