LTM: Encoding, Retrieval & Consolidation
Acquiring information and transforming it into long-term memory is
Encoding
The enhanced memories of the glory days of adolescence and young adulthood is also known as...
The Reminiscence Bump
Which is a “typical” member of a category?
A Prototype
If it takes 6 seconds to mentally scan the distance between two locations 8 inches apart on a map, how long should it take to mentally scan locations that are 4 inches apart?
3 seconds
If a deaf child found themselves in an environment where there are no people who speak or use sign language, they would probably
Invent a new sign language others would understand.
Psychologists use this term when the solution is not immediately obvious. Houston?
A Problem
Making probable conclusions based on evidence involves this type of reasoning.
Inductive
Your mind's eye creates connections between items to be remembered, further enhancing your ability to remember the items. This is called...
Imagery
A memory for circumstances surrounding how a person heard about an emotional event that remains especially vivid but not necessarily accurate over time is known as
Flashbulb Memory
Which of these represents a basic level item: Vehicle, Car, Sports Car, Cardi B's Bentley
Car
Imagery neurons fire when you see an actual image and when you do this.
Imagine the same image.
Chomsky’s was able to refute Skinner’s theory of language acquisition based on his observation that children do this.
Produce sentences they have never heard.
I was suddenly able to solve the escape room I was in this weekend thanks to this.
Insight
Research in neuroeconomics has found that the function of this brain region may be able to deal with the cognitive demands of a given task.
Prefrontal Cortex
This type of cue helps us remember information that has been stored in memory. Hint: Think a golden dog's pool stick.
Retrieval cues
Which is demonstrated in the experiment in which participants sat in an office and then were asked to remember what they saw in the office, participants “remembered” some things, like books, that weren’t actually there?
Schemas
This lies at the foundation of a connectionist network
Learning
The pegword technique is particularly suitable for use when you need to remember items based on their
Order/Sequence
If I read a new word from a dictionary each day and am able to use it regularly, what will be increased?
Lexicon
Low levels of this phenomenon would allow me to use a wine bottle as a vase, while high levels of the same phenomenon would only allow me to use a wine bottle for wine and nothing else!
Functional fixedness.
In order to graduate with a bachelors degree, you must have at least 120 credits. A friend of yours has a bachelors degree, you can logically conclude that they earned 120 credits. This is an example of this type of reasoning.
Deductive
Although Jeff doesn’t very often think about his high school sweetheart, he can’t help getting caught up in the feels when “their song” (the first song they danced to) plays on the radio. This is an example of...
State Dependent Learning.
The misinformation effect occurs when a person’s memory for an event is modified by misleading information presented at what point?
After the event
When defining a category of wine, who are more likely to be very specific about types of wine in the category?
A Sommelier (wine expert)
If Roger the Rabbit envisions a giant carrot sticking out of the trunk of a tree next to a hole in the ground, which memory technique is used to remember carrot as the first item in a list?
Method of Loci
If human speech is represented as a string of taffy on a candy-making assembly line, then what function does speech segmentation serve at the candy factory?
It cuts the taffy into pieces
The discussion of which scientists are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries suggests that which is MOST important in creative thinking? You will also need this to win gold in gymnastics.
Flexibility
When the “abstract” version of the Wason four-card problem is compared to a “concrete” version of the problem (in which beer, soda, and ages are substituted for the letters and numbers), participants fared better with this version.
The concrete task (with the drinks and ages)
If you want to consolidate memories without distraction, this activity has been found to be one of the best ways to do this.
Sleep
Which brain region is MOST responsible for the impact of emotional memories?
Amygdala
Which of these rely on prior experience in order to represent a concept: Embodied approach, Prototype, Connectionist network, Sensory-functional hypothesis?
Embodied approach
Janice is in an experiment where she is presented with multiple cognitive tasks while the researcher times how long each task takes. Which kind of technique is used?
Mental chronometry
This brain region is MOST responsible for speech production.
Broca's Area
MacGyver can make a bomb out of a stick of gum, a paperclip, and a zippo. This requires this mental phenomenon.
Divergent Thinking
Which is a valid conclusion from these premises:
All chickens are birds. All birds are herbivores.
All chickens are herbivores