Models of Memory
This bucket of memory can, on average, hold about 5-9 objects for 20 seconds.
Short-term memory
A person looking for Oreos in the store starts at the lefthand side of the store and goes meticulously down each aisle to search for the cookies. Here, the person is using this problem-solving strategy.
An algorithm
Liam sees a rock as just a rock, but Marta sees it as a paperweight, a tool to hammer nails, and a ball for playing catch. Here, Marta was able to overcome
Functional fixedness
Melly knows that she learned the term for creative thinking on a Friday in psych, it was near the end of the presentation, it starts with "D"...
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon (retrieval failure)
Storage decay happens from this bucket of memory, where information is held after proper encoding.
Long-term memory
To give his patient a diagnosis, Dr. Strom looks at their major symptoms and prescribes general antibiotics. Here, the doctor is using this type of problem-solving strategy.
A heuristic
After getting 20 red gumballs from the gumball machine, Liza puts in just one more quarter because she's sure that this time she'll get a purple gumball. This represents
Gambler's fallacy
After severe head trauma, Xander is unable to encode and store any new memories.
Anterograde amnesia
One might use _______ encoding if they connect terms from AP psychology to what they mean and can provide an example of each.
Semantic
Lawshe and Harris created the Purdue Creativity Test. A high score on this test may indicate high levels of this concept.
Divergent thinking
By using the same procedure to do all the math problems on his homework, Marc was unable to see an alternative strategy on a creative thinking problem. This failure to see a new problem-solving solution is most likely due to
Mental set OR convergent thinking
In a list of 20 grocery items, you probably remember the first items and the last items well, but not the middle items, due to
The serial position effect (primacy/recency)
The working memory model contains various components, such as the _________ that encodes physical layout and space.
Visuospatial sketchpad
When asked to picture "dessert," many people may immediately call to mind an image of a chocolate chip cookie because it best represents this concept.
Their mental prototype
Lisle sees a car marked down on Carvana from "$14,301" to "AMAZING SALE - $9,999." He is more likely to purchase this car due to...
Framing
Milla is unable to remember the step sequence of her new dance routine because she knows the old routine so well. This best illustrates
Proactive interference
George Sperling's letter grid (1960) illustrated the size and duration of this specific type of memory.
Iconic sensory memory
This problem-solving phenomenon may occur in 0.3 seconds or less, and can be recorded using EEG in the temporal region of the cortex.
Insight
Because Millie has an emotional flashbulb memory of barfing raw fish during her childhood, she assumes that most seafood is unsafe for consumption. This best illustrates the
Availability heuristic
This term allowed Ignacio to keep the phone number to Domino's Pizza in his short-term memory long enough to dial it. However, it was never encoded into long-term storage - he has to look it up every time he wants a pizza.
Maintenance rehearsal OR encoding failure