Multi Store Model
Who created the Multi Store Model of Memory?
Attkinson and Schiffrin
Who created the Working Memory Model?
Braddely and Hitch
Who created Schema Theory?
No single psychologist. It developed over time.
Who created the Dual Process Model of decsision-making?
Tversky and Kahneman
A cognitive bias where an individual depends too heavily on an initial piece of information offered when making decisions.
Anchoring bias
What are the three stores in the MSM?
Sensory, Short term, long term
According to the Working Memory Model, what are the two principal stores for short-term memory?
The phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad.
What is a mental framework for organizing information?
A schema
What are some adjective to describe System 1?
Intuitive, automatic, fast
What are the two factors that psychologists argue are necessary to create a flashbulb memory?
Emotion and personal relevance
What is the capacity of the short term store?
Miller said 7 plus or minus 2. New research, Cowen, says 3-5.
What controls the slave systems?
What are the 3 types of schemas?
Social, self, script
What are some adjectives to describe System 2?
rational, analytic, slow, purposeful
The term Loftus gives to when a person's recall of episodic memories becomes less accurate because of post-event information.
Misinformation effect
What is a limitation of the MSM?
It is too simplistic
What study demonstrated when the VSSP is overwhelmed, it reduces the duration of working memory?
Robbins
Landry and Bartling gave evidence for the phonological loop.
What study demonstrated activating a schema increases recall?
Bransford and Johnson (Doing Laundry)
What do people often use when employing System 1 thinking that can result in errors?
heuristics
Loftus and Pickrell were able to successfully make people they had been lost in a _______.
mall
What evidence is there that STM and LTM may be in different memory stores?
Biological research: HM; Serial Position Effect (Glanzer & Cunitz).
What phenomenon does the Working Memory Model explain which neither schema theory nor the multi-store model can?
Multi-tasking. Baddeley & Hitch’s model has different short-term memory stores.
Socal schemas help reinforce what type of thinking?
Sterotypes
Damage to what area of the brain can impair System 2 thinking?
vmPFC
According to Kulkoffsky, what is one cultural difference in Flashbulb memories between individualistic and collectivistic cultures?
Collectivistic cultures remember the event, but not what they were actually doing at the time.