Famous Psychologists (Ch 1)
This early psychologist experimented with operant conditioning in pigeons.
Who is B.F. Skinner?
A neuron is composed of three basic components: the cell body, axon, and ____
What are dendrites?
What is a persons knowledge about some aspect of the environment?
What is a schema?
The small gap between the end of a neuron’s axon and another neuron's dendrites or cell body.
What is a synapse?
What is the principle of neural representation?
All experiences are based on persons nervous system representation.
This psychologist was the founder of the study of Behaviorism, and rejected the concept of analytical introspection.
Who is John Watson?
Often abbreviated into a three letter acronym, this refers to a group of structures that are active when a person isn’t focused on a particular task
What is the Default Mode Network (DMN)?
What does the acronym MEAM stand for?
What is music enhanced autobiography memories?
Neurons that respond to specific stimuli like Orientation, Movement, and Length.
What are Feature Detectors?
Location and function of Wernicke's area?
temporal lobe, responsible for language comprehension.
This psychologist argued against the idea of children learning language through operant conditioning, instead proposing the idea of inborn programming of language skills.
Who is Noam Chomsky?
Small cube-shaped areas in the brain used in the analysis of brain-scanning experiments are called ____
What are voxels?
What is our conception of the sequence of actions that usually occurs during a particular experience
What is a script?
Enhanced Memory for adolescence and early adulthood in people over the age of 40 is referred to as?
What is the Reminiscence Bump?
Describe and define Default Mode Network
DMN is a network of structures that respond when a person is not involved in a specific task. It’s activity decreases when a person is involved in a specific task, but increases when a brain is at rest
This psychologist pioneered one of the first cognitive psychology experiments, measuring the reaction time needed during a decision task.
Who is Franciscus Donders?
A condition that can when damage is done to a particular area of the brain, e.g. Broca’s ____
What is aphasia?
Begg and Colleagues discovered this effect and is the enhanced probability of evaluating a statement as being true upon repeated presentations
What is the illusory truth effect
A study in 1932 was conducted to investigate the effects of schema on Memory recall. The study concluded that memory accuracy is low, as “memory was forever being reconstructed.” What study is this?
What is Bartlett’s Schema Theory?
What is double disassociation?
it occurs if damage to one area of the brain causes function A to be absent while function B is present, and damage to another area causes function B to be absent while function A is present.
This German psychologist focused on memory, specifically how rapidly information is learned and lasts over time.
Who is Hermann Ebbinghaus?
An area of the temporal lobe that contains neurons selectively activated by pictures of indoor and outdoor scenes
What is the Parahippocampal place area (PPA)?
This hypothesis found by Ulric Neisser and coworkers states that we may remember events like those that happened on 9/11 not beacuase of a special mechanism but because we rehearse these events after they occur...
What is the narrative rehearsal hypothesis?
How do scientists determine if different areas of a neural network are involved in various functions?
What is one method used to determine connections in the neural network?
What is Functional Connectivity? What is a Resting-State FMRI? (Double Jeopardy 500 points each)
Describe the kitten experiment of Blakemore and Cooper (1970)!
Kittens were raised in a closed environment, only surrounded by vertical lines, later only reacting to vertically moving objects. Demonstrates visual cortex shaped, experience-dependent plasticity.