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Philosophy
Psychology
Neuroscience
Computer Science
Linguistics
100
functionalism
What is the philosophical framework addressing the mind-body problem that acknowledges that the mind is implemented by physical hardware (i.e. the brain) but takes mental states to be best defined by causal relationships between one another (e.g. the software governing those function of those states), independent of the physical material in which they are realized?
100
response competition occurs between two alternative responses (naming the word, and naming the color of the ink).
What happens in the stroop effect where naming the color of the ink when the letters spell a different color name slows down reaction, compared to naming the color of the ink when it is simply a color patch.
100
one axon and many dendrites
What neurons typically have?
100
fires together wires together
What is Hebbian synapse principle?
100
phonology
What is the set of 3 features (voicing, manner, and place of articulation) that govern the sound system of a language is called?
200
behaviorism
What is how cognitive psychology began largely as a response to?
200
reaction times increase linearly with the angular difference in orientation
What happens in mental rotation experiments, where for example the letter R is recognized at various orientations?
200
Broca’s area
What is the region in the frontal lobe of the brain (left inferior frontal gyrus, to be exact), where damage is correlated with deficits in language production (but intact language comprehension), is commonly referred to as?
200
a group of neurons, or nodes, that are activated in concert to encode an object or concept
What a neural network, a distributed representation refers to?
200
Universal Grammar
What is Chomsky’s theory that all the world’s languages have a core grammatical commonality is called?
300
Introspection, Behaviorism, Information-processing, connectionism
What are the four major theoretical movements in experimental psychology over the past century in order from oldest to newest?
300
that the two populations of subjects (caffeinated and uncaffeinated) are not statistically different
What is the null hypothesis for an experiment where you imagine you ran a visual detection experiment on students given regular coffee and students given decaf, and you expected the caffeinated subjects to have faster reaction times than the uncaffeinated subjects?
300
an action potential
What is the intense1-millisecond electrochemical impulse produced by a neuron, which sends signals to other neurons via this neuron’s connections with them, is called?
300
hidden units
What is a multi-layer artificial neural network will sometimes have a layer of “input units,” a layer of “output units,” and also an intermediate layer of units called?
300
categories that your native language uses can determine the categories that your mind uses
What is the linguistic relativity hypothesis (aka the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis) proposes that?
400
Chinese Room Experiment
What is a thought experiment to challenge the claim that it is possible for a digital computer running a program to have a "mind" and "consciousness" in the same sense that people do, simply by virtue of running the right program. Or what is the philosophical response to the strong AI argument?
400
A red vertical bar amidst green verticals and green horizontals
What is the condition where the following displays would have the target "pop out" of a visual array (such that reaction times would be the same regardless of how many distractors were present)?
400
represents sensory receptors that are near one another with cortical neurons that are near one another
What is the topography of a neural map?
400
breadth-first
What is in traditional AI approaches, a tree-search algorithm that looked first at all the possible immediate next moves in a game, before looking at subsequent moves thereafter, would be called what kind of search?
400
1) it has structure, 2) it is automatic, and 3) it is incremental
What three key features that Linguistics and Psycholinguistics have determined that the human language system exhibits?
500
an entity can simultaneously be in multiple states before it is observed
What is suggested by Schrodinger's cat thought experiment?
500
conditioned stimulus
What is the bell in a classical (Pavlovian) example where a dog eventually will learn to salivate at the sound of a bell if the sound of the bell occurs before food presentation?
500
it provides a measure of the blood flow to various brain regions associated with various perceptual/cognitive tasks
What is Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)?
500
a local minimum
What it is called when a learning algorithm changes a network’s parameters to improve performance (i.e., reduce error), it can sometimes find itself in a region of state space where the error surface does not allow any further reduction in error, even though performance is still far from perfect?
500
a critical period
What is the limited window of time during which an infant can learn the phonology of a language (and after which such learning is difficult) is called?