The difference in voltage across the membrane at this time is -70 mV.
What is resting membrane potential?
100
These are lipids that diffuse through the membrane of the postsynaptic cell when synthesized by the cell.
What are endocannabinoids?
100
Ramachandran found this on Tom's face.
Where did Ramachandran find the mapping of Tom's phantom limb?
100
This is an example of synaptic plasticity that is the strengthening of neural connections.
What is long term potentiation (LTP)?
100
This is a neurological disorder that marijuana use increases the risk of in people who have underlying genetic risk.
What is schizophrenia?
200
A specific lobe of the brain that damage to can cause a loss of sensory functioning in areas of the body, anosognosia, and many other important positive and negative effects.
What is the right parietal lobe?
200
Once synthesized, the endocannabinoid diffuses through the membrane binds to the CB1 receptor on the presynaptic side. This activation of CB1 will prevent calcium (Ca++) from entering the axon terminal, thus preventing the presynaptic cell from firing.
How do endocannabinoids affect synaptic transmission?
200
In this disorder, the patient feels as if they have too many limbs, that the limb shouldn't be there, and they want it removed.
What is B.I.I.D. or apotemnophilia?
200
This age group of people are more likely to become addicted to marijuana because their brains are more plastic due to hormones.
Why are kids in adolescence particularly vulnerable to marijuana?
200
This pump pumps out sodium (Na+) ions 3 out at a time and potassium (K+) ions 2 in at a time after an action potential.
What is the sodium-potassium pump?
300
This negative effect makes the patient refuse to believe that their limb belongs to them, and he/she experiences disownership of their body on the contralateral side of the lesion.
What is somatoparaphrenia?
300
This memory is responsible for skills, habits, and conditioning and are stored in the cerebellum, striatum, and amygdala
What is implicit or procedural memory?
300
This "sixths sense" tells us where our body is in space at all times without paying attention to it. It is an automatic process.
What is proprioception?
300
This depressant increases the release of dopamine in the ventral striatum (the brain’s reward system), depresses the inhibitory centers in your cerebral cortex, and affects the cerebellum and medulla.
What is alcohol?
300
These are neurons that don't receive sensory information or contract muscles. These are neurons that either form local circuits with other neurons or connect one region of the brain to the another.
What is an interneuron?
400
This happens at the peak of the action potential, and this way the ion doesn't enter the cell during the rest of the action potential. These "gates" don't actually close until the membrane potential reaches resting potential.
When do the voltage-gated sodium channels become inactive and then close?
400
These receptors increase dramatically from infancy to young adulthood, especially in the frontal cortex, striatum & hippocampus
What are CB1 receptors?
400
Ramachandran's theory that the actual growth of new branches of nerve fibers into areas that normally receive information. Basically new connections are formed very quickly in a highly organized way.
What is sprouting?
400
This is defined as persistent, compulsive substance use in the face of increasingly negative life consequences. There is a constant desire and craving.
What is addiction?
400
This is the end of most axons that will divide and branch off. This is also where the voltage dependent calcium gates are, as well as the synaptic vesicles.
What is the terminal button?
500
This is the conduction of action potentials down myelinated axons. Action potential jumps from one node to another.
What is saltatory conduction?
500
What area of the brain is affected by marijuana and is associated with the regulation of hormones, appetite, circadian rhythms, and sexual behavior?
What is the hypothalamus?
500
Christina used this type of processing when she would use her vision to move in order to "override" her sensory perception. This type of processing means she would use her previous or current knowledge of the world to influence her perception of her body in space.
What is top-down processing?
500
This is the specific neurotransmitter that fires into the pleasure circuit of the brain, and is accompanied by a substantial risk for addiction.
What is dopamine?
500
These cells are responsible for myelinating the axon in the central nervous system.