Temperature Loss
What is the process called when cold air is inhaled, warmed by your body, and then exhaled?
Breathing
What are the three stages of hypothermia?
Mild, Moderate, Severe
How many stages of frostbite are there?
2 stages (superficial and deep)
What should you do if someone has frostbite?
move them to a warm place and try to warm the frozen area gently.
Name 2 key signs that a casualty is in a frozen state?
Unresponsiveness, stiff joints, cold skin, and inability to press down on the skin or tissues
Which method of heat loss involves the movement of cold air replacing the thin layer of warm air around your body?
Wind Chill (Convection)
In moderate hypothermia, what important factor should you avoid doing for the casualty?
Do not give them anything to drink
What parts of the body does frostbite affect the most? (name at least 3)
Ears, Nose, Fingers, Cheeks and Toes
How should you treat someone with hypothermia?
be gentle when treating them and make sure they stay warm.
True or False: You should always perform ABCs on a casualty with frozen state immediately after you find them
False. You don't perform ABCs at all on casualties with frozen state
What type of heat transfer happens when body heat moves to a cold object that the body is touching?
Conduction
Which stage of hypothermia is characterized by unconsciousness and stopped shivering?
Severe Hypothermia
What is the appearance of the skin during superficial frostbite?
White, waxy-looking skin that feels firm but soft underneath.
What should you do to prevent further heat loss in a person with mild hypothermia?
Cover the person with blankets or extra clothing
What happens to the joints of a frozen person when you try to open their airway?
The joints (like the jaw and neck) become stiff and cannot be moved easily
Which process occurs when heat moves out of your body and spreads into the air around you?
Radiation
Name 3 signs/symptoms that can indicate moderate hypothermia.
Slurred speech, confusion, slow pulse, slow breathing, shivering and sleepiness
What color does skin turn in deep frostbite?
Greyish Blue
What type of rewarming should you do when the casualty has mild/moderate hypothermia?
Passive Rewarming
When can frozen state happen to people?
when the temperature is 0 degrees
How does evaporation help in temperature loss?
Your sweat turns into vapor, which uses body heat to change it
What happens to someone’s breathing when they have severe hypothermia?
Their breathing is weak or absent
What is the key difference between superficial and deep frostbite (hint: what it affects, not how it looks)
Superficial: affects skin
Deep: affects skin, tissues and possibly bone
How can you warm up someone’s frozen fingers?
place them under warm parts on your body (ie. armpits)
What should you do if you find a person in a frozen state in an unsafe location?
Do not attempt ABCs; note the location, get to safety, and plan how to retrieve the person later.