Cold War - IB

Early Cold War

100

What famous speech did Winston Churchill give that described the new reality of Europe? What was he describing?

Iron Curtain Speech - the inability of the West to penetrate the areas that were controlled by the Soviet Union

200

What is the difference between the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan? What is containment?

Truman Doctrine - US would support any country resisting communism; Marshall plan - US would give economic aid to those European countries who need it (open to all); Containment = US policy to keep communism within the borders where it already exists by supporting anti-communist movements elsewhere

300

What two rival defensive organizations developed during the early Cold War?

NATO & Warsaw Pact

400

What country "fell" to communism by 1949 and immediately developed a "friendship" with the Soviet Union? What was the official name of this country? Who led this country during this period? To where did the opposition flee?

China - People's Republic of China - Mao Zedong; Taiwan

500

What became a symbol of Soviet Union dominion (control) over Eastern Europe?

Berlin Wall

Surprise?

100

Name at least two areas in which US forces fought communist forces in Asia. What was the theory that drove US policy in some of these places?

North/South Korea, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos; Domino Theory

200

In the 1960s, the US came its closest to nuclear war with the Soviet Union... why? Who was involved?

Cuban Missile Crisis - (Khrushchev) USSR trying to put nuclear missiles in Cuba; US (Kennedy) required them to stop (instituted blockade of Cuba); USSR backed down and US promised not to invade Cuba (and 6 months later removed US missiles from Turkey)

300

What leader sought a closer relationship with the Soviet Union to offset the threat of a US invasion?

Fidel Castro

400

What was considered the "high point" of détente in the Cold War? Why?

Helsinki Accords; agreed to post-WWII borders, agree to cooperate in science & tech; recognize human rights

500

What resistance movement began in the early 1980s in Poland? Who led it? What happened to it?

Solidarity;  Lech Walesea; grew in #s, outlawed in early 80s then allowed again when the economy further deteriorated in the late 1980s; won majority of seats in democratic elections

USSR Developments

100

Who was the Soviet leader after Stalin's death and what major policy did he institute?

Khrushchev - Destalinization

200

Who followed Khrushchev as the new leader of the Soviet Union and what was his major policy?

Brezhnev - Brezhnev doctrine (USSR had a right to intervene to protect communism wherever it existed)

300

The Soviet Union shocked the world twice, once in 1949 and again in 1957. What did it do both times?

Detonated its first atomic bomb; launched the first satellite (Sputnik) into space

400

A new period between the US and the major communist nations began in the 1970s. What was it and what did it mean? Give at least two specific examples of what happened in this time frame.

Détente; an easing of tensions between the US and the Soviet Union (SALT talks; China-US relationship improvement)

500

In 1979, something major happened involving the USSR. What was it and what were its consequences?

Invasion of Afghanistan; end of détente; Afghan war sapped Soviet resources & morale; US supported mujahidin fighters

1980s Cold War

100

What American president came to power in the 1980s and is considered a "Cold Warrior" b/c of his hardline stance against the Soviet Union?

Ronald Reagan

200

Why was 1983 a particularly tense year between the US & Soviets?

Arms race; US spied on Soviet launches; Soviets shot down airliner; NATO exercise "Able Archer" seen as actually preparation for attack by Soviets; Evil Empire speech

300

What policy did Ronald Regan institute during his administration which helped to drain some of the Soviet Union's resources?

Arms Race; Proposed "Strategic Defense Initiative" or "Star Wars"

400

Why was the Soviet Union so upset about the prospect of "Star Wars"?

It made "Mutually Assured Destruction" irrelevant since the US could hypothetically strike down Soviet nuclear launches

500

What were some characteristics of life in communist countries by the 1980s?

Shortage of food & necessities; lack of consumer goods; weak economies; rising political dissent and frustration; low morale

End of Cold War

100

Who allowed for an economic liberalization in China but cracked down on political dissent at Tiananmen Square in 1989?

Deng Xiaping

200

What leader decided to focus on domestic policies in the USSR in mid-1980s?

Mikhail Gorbachev

300

What were the two major Gorbachev policies and what was his intent in instituting them? What was the long term outcome of these policies?

Soviet economy needed to be revitalized; needed new ideas and foreign investment; Glasnost - "openness", allowed for free flow of info (including criticism); Perestroika (economic restructuring) - allowed low-level capitalism w/private ownership; Long term outcome = floodgates of change were opened and people demanded more reform

400

Who became Russia's first president? What was his first major economic policy as president after the Soviet Union fell and what did the policy do?

Boris Yeltsin - "shock therapy" - abrupt shift to free market economy

500

What symbolic event marked the beginning of the end of communism in Europe in 1989/1990? In what year did the Soviet Union officially cease to exist?

Fall of the Berlin Wall (1989) & reunification of Germany (1990); End of USSR = 1991