Just the cold hard facts
The Type of temperature that is defined by how cold people and animals feel outside
What is Wind Chill
This describes the name of the 3 layers of clothing you should wear when cold weather camping
What is Base/Layer, Mid-Layer/insulating and Outer/shell Layer
The scientific term that describes a mode of heat transfer where it changes a substance from a liquid into a gas or vapor - such as sweating.
What is Evaporation?
Evaporation causes a cooling effect. The body loses 85% of its heat through sweating during intense exercise. Wet clothes from sweating and increased respiration also trigger a drop in body heat.
A good way to help warm your sleeping bag
What is putting a hot water filled water bottle in your sleeping bag
What you should do while camping in winter when you really need to pee in the middle of the night
What is to not delay peeing - Evacuate that bladder!
procrastinating makes you colder because your body has to burn calories to keep urine warm.
If too cold, consider using a dedicated pee Nalgene (labeled diff than water!). Try practicing your technique in the shower so that you can have a few practice runs before showtime.
In winter, the northern hemisphere is closest to the sun in what month of the year
What is January. Earth is closest to the sun every year in early January, when it's winter for the Northern Hemisphere.
In July, we are farthest away from the sun in early July, during our Northern Hemisphere summer.
Describes the most important characteristics of the base layer of clothing
What is breathable, Wicking, tight(ish) or close to skin, Merino Wool
A mode of heat transfer, the process that does heat transfer between objects by direct contact
What is Conduction? When you get wet, it allows particles to transfer
The heat transfer takes place due to the difference in temperature. Responsible for the loss of body heat from sleeping on the cold ground, Heat transfer in conduction is slow. Heat transfer occurs through a heated solid object. It does not follow the law of reflection and refraction.
The types of gear needed to protect your eyes/face/neck in cold weather
What is polarized glasses, sunscreen on face/exposed surfaces, chap stick, vasoline, balaclava/neck gaiter
Describes the symptoms of moderate to severe Hypothermia
What is Shivering, cold sensations, slurred speech, Shallow or slow breathing, slow or weak pulse, skin numbness, goose bumps, and lack of hand coordination.
The coldest temp ever measured in the world was -128.6 degrees F on July 21st, 1983 at this location
What is Vostok Station, Antarctica
The purpose of the middle layer.
What is Insulation? This layer goes on top of the base layer and represents the Mid-Layer. Good options for this layer include sweaters made of wool, fleece, flannel, cashmere or polyester.
A mode of heat transfer, the scientific term describing how air rises and takes heat away from the body
What is Convection?
Take the example of a hot cup of tea. The rising steam coming off of the cup indicates the movement of heat as hot water transitions into gaseous water (wet steam).
Heat transfer occurs through intermediate objects. For example, heat transfer between air and water.
In convection, the heat transfer takes place within the fluid.
Heat transfer occurs due to the difference in density.
Heat transfer in convection is faster than Conduction
It does not follow the law of reflection and refraction.
This type of clothing fabric is best known to avoid, due to its lack of wicking, serves as a medium for bacteria, and may result in lowering your body temp when considering the previous factors.
What is cotton. Moisture-wicking materials such as merino wool, polyester, and polypropylene are designed to redistribute moisture via capillary action, whereas cotton becomes easily saturated much like a sponge. To stay warm, avoid silk and cellulose fibers like cotton, layer strategically, and opt for synthetic fabrics.
Characteristics of early Frost Bite (frostnip).
What is paleness, mild tingling, and numbness of the affected areas. It is reversible and will not cause severe damage to tissue
This city/country receives more snowfall than any major city on the planet where they are buried in 312 inches(~26 feet) of snow on average.
Where is Aomori City, Japan
This describes the characteristics of the outermost layer (shell)?
What is windproof, waterproof, shields you from the wind/rain/snow, protects you from the elements.
The scientific term that describes a mode of heat transfer where heat transfer occurs through electromagnetic waves without involving particles.
What is Radiation?
The emission of body heat from the skin so KEEP COVERED!
Radiation causes heat to move away from the body. The body may lose more than 50% of its heat from radiation at temperatures lower than 68°F (20°C).
Heat transfer in radiation is the fastest.
Heat transfer occurs through electromagnetic waves.
It follows the law of reflection and refraction.
Describe the most important components of a cold weather sleeping system
What is a waterproof tent floor/surface or tarp, reflective surface ground cloth, insulating layers between tent floor & sleeping bag, Sleeping bag, pillow, water-bottle/pee-bottle
Characteristics of moderate FrostBite (superficial frostbite).
What is visible skin discoloration, skin remains soft but mild damage has occurred, and water blisters may appear after rewarming in the first 24-48 hours.
The amount of “average” type snow equivalent to an inch of rain
What is 13 inches of snow
Name three types of good insulating clothing?
What is Merino Wool (holds 30% of its weight before it feels wet), Smart Wool (55% wool, 45% nylon), Synthetic/polypropylene, and wool.
Winter on this planet lasts for 21 years
What is Uranus.
The correct number of layers of clothes to wear?
What is exactly the number you need to stay warm without sweating?
Characteristics of severe FrostBite.
What is hardened, cold skin, the loss of sensation, permanent nerve damage, and cell death. Affected skin may be blue or black. Severe cases may require the amputation of affected areas.