Exploration & Early Settlements
What was the first permanent English settlement in North America?
Jamestown
Name the ship the Pilgrims sailed on.
(Mayflower)
Who was the first governor of Massachusetts Bay?
(John Winthrop)
What was New Amsterdam renamed after English takeover?
New York
Who founded Pennsylvania?
William Penn
Why was Georgia founded?
(Debtor colony and buffer colony)
What is an indentured servant?
(Person working for passage)
What was the First Great Awakening?
(Religious revival)
Name one push factor that caused Europeans to leave their homeland.
(Religious persecution, economic hardship, etc.)
What document did the Pilgrims sign to establish self-government?
(Mayflower Compact)
What is a theocracy?
(Government ruled by religious leaders)
Who was the last Dutch Director-General of New Netherland?
(Peter Stuyvesant)
What religious group founded Pennsylvania?
(Quakers)
Who led the founding of Georgia?
(James Oglethorpe)
Name one cash crop that increased slavery in colonies.
(Tobacco)
Name one key figure of the First Great Awakening.
(Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield)
Which Native American helped the Pilgrims survive?
Squanto
What was Squanto’s role in Plymouth Colony?
(Teacher, translator, mediator)
Who was Anne Hutchinson?
(Religious dissenter banished from colony)
Why did the Dutch found New Netherland?
(Economic/trade reasons)
What is the “Inner Light” in Quaker belief?
(Divine spark within everyone)
What does it mean that Georgia was a “buffer” colony?
(Protection from Spanish Florida)
What was the Middle Passage?
(Transatlantic voyage of enslaved Africans)
What were the Navigation Acts?
(Laws controlling colonial trade)
Why was the Mayflower Compact important?
(Established self-government)
Why did the Pilgrims leave England?
(Religious persecution)
What were the Salem Witch Trials?
(Religious hysteria and trials)
Name two groups that made up New Netherland’s diverse population.
(Dutch, English, Germans, etc.)
How did William Penn treat Native Americans?
(Fairly, peacefully)
What restrictions did Oglethorpe place on Georgia early on?
(No slavery, land limits)
Name one form of passive resistance by enslaved people.
(Work slowdowns, sabotage)
How did mercantilism benefit England?
(Controlled trade to enrich mother country)
Describe two major challenges faced by Jamestown settlers.
(Starvation, disease, conflict)
Explain how the Mayflower Compact influenced later American government.
(Social contract, majority rule)
How did town meetings promote democratic participation?
(Allowed colonists to vote on laws)
Explain why Peter Stuyvesant surrendered New Netherland.
(Lack of support, English threat)
Describe how Quaker beliefs influenced Pennsylvania’s government and society.
(Tolerance, equality, pacifism)
How did Georgia’s role as debtor and buffer colony affect its growth?
(Attracted settlers, defensive importance)
Explain how slavery shaped colonial economies and societies.
(Labor source, social impact)
Analyze how the Navigation Acts contributed to colonial unrest.
(Trade restrictions, smuggling)