Lost Beginnings
What was the name of the first English attempt at a colony that mysteriously disappeared?
Roanoke
What was the first permanent English colony in North America?
Jamestown
Which group settled Plymouth in search of religious freedom?
The Pilgrims
What were the three main colonial regions?
New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies
What was the system that brought enslaved Africans to the Americas?
The Middle Passage
What clue was carved into a tree at the lost colony?
“CROATOAN”
Which crop helped Jamestown become profitable?
Tobacco
What agreement created self-government among the Pilgrims?
The Mayflower Compact
Which region was nicknamed the “breadbasket colonies”?
Middle Colonies
What type of worker agreed to labor for several years to pay off a debt for passage to America?
Indentured Servant
Why did England want to establish colonies in the New World?
To gain wealth, resources, and power
What was John Smith’s famous motto for survival?
“He who works not, eats not” or “Work or starve”
What was the main reason Puritans and Quakers settled in different colonies?
They had different beliefs about religion and tolerance
What type of economy developed in the Southern Colonies?
Plantation-based agriculture using enslaved labor
Name one major cash crop from the Southern Colonies.
Tobacco, rice, or indigo
What difficulties did early English settlers at Roanoke face that may have caused the colony to disappear?
They struggled with food shortages, harsh weather, conflicts with Native Americans, and lack of supplies from England.
Describe one major challenge Jamestown settlers faced during the “Starving Time.”
Food shortages, disease, or conflict with Native Americans
Who founded Rhode Island after being banished from Massachusetts?
Roger Williams
Why did the New England Colonies focus on shipbuilding and fishing?
The rocky soil made large-scale farming difficult
Why did the Southern Colonies rely more heavily on slavery than the Northern Colonies?
They needed a large labor force for plantation farming
Compare the goals of Roanoke and Jamestown—how were their purposes for colonization different?
Roanoke was mainly for exploration/settlement, while Jamestown was for profit and trade
What was the House of Burgesses?
The first representative assembly in the colonies
How did religious disagreements among colonists lead to the creation of new colonies in New England?
Colonists who disagreed with strict Puritan rule—like Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson—were forced to leave Massachusetts, leading to the founding of more tolerant colonies such as Rhode Island and Connecticut.
How did geography shape the differences among the three regions?
Climate, soil, and location affected each region’s economy, labor systems, and lifestyles
Explain how the Triangle Trade connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
Europe sent goods to Africa for slaves, slaves were sent to the Americas, and raw materials returned to Europe