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The common starting material for synthesizing Crystal Violet and Malachite Green.
What is 4-bromo-N,N-dimethylaniline?
The maximum absorbance for Prontosil.
What is 450 nm?
The part of a molecule, usually containing conjugated double bonds, that is responsible for its color.
What is a Chromophore?
Azo coupling is a example of this mechanism, where an electron-rich ring attacks an electrophile.
What is Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution?
In a Jablonski diagram, this level is the lowest possible energy state of a molecule, usually labelled S0.
What is the Ground State?
Most spiropyrans exhibit this property, where they change color reversibly when exposed to light.
What is Photochromism?
The column chromatography solvent used to purify the citrus bioregulator.
What is 10% methanol/dichloromethane?
These groups don't produce color on their own but can intensify or shift the color of a chromophore.
What are Auxochromes?
Because they can be flipped back and forth between two states, spiropyrans are being developed as a molecular-scale version of these electronic components for data storage.
What are Molecular Switches?
The difference in wavelength between the light a molecule absorbs (excitation) and the light it emits.
What is the Stokes Shift?
This phenomenon describes how the color and stability of the dye shifts depending on the polarity of the surrounding liquid.
What is Solvatochromism?
A common name for 1-methyl-4-[(oxocyclohexadienylidene)ethylidene]-1,4-dihydropyridine?
What is Brooker's merocyanine dye?
When the length of a conjugated system shifts its light absorption toward longer wavelengths (the red end of the spectrum).
What is a Bathochromic Shift or Red Shift?
Because it shifts to shorter wavelengths as solvent polarity increases, Brooker's merocyanine is said to exhibit this specific type of solvatochromism.
What is Negative (or Hypsochromic) Solvatochromism?
These thinner, closely spaced lines located above each electronic state represent the different ways a molecule can stretch or bend.
What are Vibrational Energy Levels?
This type of electronic transition, where electrons move from the highest occupied orbital to the lowest unoccupied orbital, that typically causes color in conjugated organic molecules.
What is a pi -> pi* transition?
The synthesis of the photochromic spiropyran known as 6-NO2-BIPS dates back to this year, in an article published in this scientific journal.
What is 1959 in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.
This category of synthetic dyes, containing a nitrogen-nitrogen double bond, accounts for over half of the dyes used in industry today.
What are Azo Dyes?
This revolutionary protein, originally found in jellyfish, can be genetically encoded into other organisms to make their cells glow green.
What is Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)?
Measured on a scale from 0 to 1, this specific ratio describes the efficiency of a fluorophore; it is mathematically defined as the number of photons emitted divided by the number of photons absorbed.
What is Quantum Yield?