Ancient Greece
We discussed several reasons that "public speaking" became a concern in ancient Greece. Give one reason.
Proliferation of democracy, presence of the sophists, advent of writing.
aretē (ἀρετή), phronēsis (φρόνησις), and eunoia (εὔνοια). They are: excellence, practical wisdom, and good will.
The ______ _______ is the “you” or “we” to whom the rhetor speaks, the implied audience for whom a rhetor constructs symbolic actions.
What is: "the second persona."
Language around any given debate (say the issues between “Pro Life” and “Pro Choice” arguments) tends to direct attention away from some ways of interpreting the issue and direct it toward others. What Burkean term could we use to describe this phenomenon?
Terministic Screens
The group of traveling educators in ancient Greece, famous for their openess to moral relativism were called...?
What are "the sophists"
Who was famous for saying "Man is the measure of all things." What did we take this to mean?
Protagoras, and we considered it as an example of moral relativism.
_____________ is the process of distancing the rhetor from the audience so the audience grants the rhetor authority.
What is: "mystification."
The ______ _______ is an audience who recognizes that the rhetor’s first persona may not reveal all that is relevant about the speaker’s identity, but maintains silence in order to enable the rhetor to perform that persona.
What is: "the fourth persona."
What are the the three forms of "purification" possible in the dramatistic life cycle? Define each.
Transcendence, Mortification, and Victimage (i.e., Scapegoating)
In everyday discourse "rhetoric" is taken to mean...
We used the story of Corax and Tisias to consider...
How the Greeks were concerned with the new art of "public speaking" and how fallacies proliferated.
Classically, the three genres of rhetorical discourse are the ________, __________, and _________. What time period is each concerned with?
Forensic (the past), epideictic (the present), and deliberative (the future).
Define the "Third persona." Why does this matter?
The "they" or "them" who is distinguished from a given audience ("They're not like us."). This is the mechanism used most often in propoganda and other forms of dehumanizing discourse (but it's not always bad).
In evaluating narrative rationality, if we were to say that a story failed because it did not "hang together" in terms of probability, we would say it failed in terms of...
What is: "Narrative coherence"
Historically (prior to say the 1900s), the study of the "rhetorical art" was concerned with...
Plato distinguished between a mere ____ and the true ____.
"rhetorical practice" and "rhetorical art."
Define a rhetorical "exigence" in your own words.
What are the elements of the "Toulmin Model" for arguments?
Claim, Warrant, Backing, Qualifier, Data, and Rebuttal.
When someone like MLK goes from a living person to a cultural icon, we can say the have entered the domain of ____, defined as: a dramatic vision that serves to organize everyday experience and give meaning to life.
What is: "myth."
True or false: in the modern academy, all scholars now agree on what the word "rhetoric" means.
False: scholars are constantly re-defining the word! (Don't do it lol)
What was Aristotle's definition of the "rhetorical art?"
“The power to perceive every persuasive possibility.”
We discussed four forms of response to a "rhetorical situation." What were they?
Conformity, non-participation, desecration, and contextual reconstruction.
What are the four levels of "stasis?"
Fact, Definition, Value, and Policy.
What are: "God terms" and "devil terms."
Ethos, pathos, and logos are what Aristotle called the...
What are the: "artistic proofs."