Chip Off the Old Block
A(n) ____ is an electrical switch with three electrical connections.
a. transistor
b. resistor
c. insulator
d. conductor
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The ____ is a digital circuit that generates timing pulses, or signals, and transmits the pulses to other devices in the computer.
a. data clock
b. memory clock
c. variance clock
d. system clock
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Quantum computing uses quantum states to simultaneously encode two values per bit, called a ____.
a. bi-bit
b. neobit
c. qubit
d. sim-bit
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When the control unit fetches an instruction from memory, it stores it in the ____.
a. load register
b. instruction register
c. first general-purpose register
d. control register
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A(n) ____________________ is one concentric circle of a platter, or the surface area that passes under a read/write head when its position is fixed.
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Several transistors and their interconnections on a single chip form a(n) ____.
a. optimized circuit
b. combination circuit
c. integrated circuit
d. reduced circuit
14
A ____ is a CPU cycle spent waiting for access to an instruction or data.
a. wait state
b. hold state
c. purge state
d. clock state
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____ is based on the observation that the rate of increase in transistor density on microchips had increased steadily, roughly doubling every 18 to 24 months.
a. Lamb’s Law
b. Newton’s Law
c. Rock’s Law
d. Moore’s Law
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A(n) ____________________ provides the interface between the storage device and system bus.
59
Each refresh operation in DRAM is called a(n) ____________________.
56
____ is implemented entirely with transistors.
a. Dynamic RAM
b. Static RAM
c. Dynamic ROM
d. Static ROM
35
Access times for secondary storage devices are typically expressed in ____ or microseconds.
a. milliseconds
b. exoseconds
c. nanoseconds
d. picoseconds
30
____ states that the cost of fabrication facilities for the latest chip generation doubles every four years.
a. Rock’s Law
b. Moore’s Law
c. Nelson’s Law
d. Lamb’s Law
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A ____ is a storage device that mimics the behavior of a magnetic disk drive but uses flash RAM or other NVM devices as the storage medium and read/write mechanism.
a. traditional hard drive
b. hybrid hard drive
c. solid-state drive
d. memory drive
22
A storage device consists of a read/write mechanism and a(n) ____________________.
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Conductive molecules are typically arranged in straight lines, generically called wires or ____________________.
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____ is the most important characteristic differentiating primary and secondary storage.
a. Capacity
b. Density
c. Transfer rate
d. Speed
29
____ describes any CPU architecture in which duplicate CPUs or processor stages can execute in parallel.
a. Uniprocessing
b. Scaled processing
c. Hyperprocessing
d. Multiprocessing
36
A(n) ____ is the lowest-level command that software can direct a processor to perform.
a. cycle
b. process
c. operand
d. instruction
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____________________ is the time required to perform one complete read or write operation.
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A(n) ____________________ is an object specifically designed to absorb heat and rapidly dissipate it via air or water movement.
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A disk drive’s data ____________________ rate is a summary performance number combining the physical aspects of data access with the electronic aspects of data transfer to the disk controller or system.
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____________________ stores bit values by using two magnetic elements, one with fixed polarity and the other with polarity that changes when a bit is written.
50
A(n) ____ directs the CPU to route electrical signals representing data inputs through predefined processing circuits that implement the appropriate function.
a. operation
b. process
c. instruction
d. cycle
31
A(n) ____________________ device can access multiple storage locations simultaneously.
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