Rhetoric & Argumentation
"Honesty is the most important quality in a leader."
What is an example of a value claim?
A word, image, or artifact representing a thing, thought, or action
What is a symbol?
How a public collectively imagines their past
What is public memory?
Simply assessing how the elements of a speech help to explain its persuasive effect may not always be the most appropriate or interesting question to ask.
Why have many rhetorical critics moved beyond neo-Aristotelian criticism?
a system of ideas or pattern of beliefs that determines a group’s interpretations of some aspect(s) of the world
What is an ideology?
"She must be a trustworthy person—she’s a doctor."
What is an example of an enthymeme?
Using symbols to express meaning or communicate ideas, often through behavior or ritual
What is symbolic action?
small-scale ways of arranging action and organizing language, giving these a recognizable logical order within a given narrative
What are narrative forms?
Conducting this type of rhetorical criticism involves constructing the rhetorical vision of a text.
What is fantasy-theme criticism?
the root term or notion that serves as an umbrella label for the various characteristic features of the rhetoric
What is the organizing principle, identified as part of a generic criticism?
"The patient’s ECG shows ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF, which indicates an inferior myocardial infarction requiring immediate intervention with percutaneous coronary angioplasty."
What is an example of speech which belongs to the technical sphere of argument?
The dominance of an idea, ideology, institution, or economic distribution of capital
What is hegemony?
the dominant means of understanding reality, based in reason and scientific understanding
What is the rational world paradigm?
The type of rhetorical criticism in which the critic can take a deductive or inductive approach
What is generic (genre) criticism?
Robert Bales and Ernest Bormann
Who are the two main scholars associated with fantasy-theme criticism?
Remote work benefits both employees and companies. Employees who work remotely experience better work-life balance. Companies with remote workers save money on office space. With remote workers, productivity increases due to fewer workplace distractions.
What is an example of a logically independent argument?
Public spheres must be self-organized, involve relations amongst strangers, include both personal and impersonal speech, be able to be constituted through mere attention, be created by the reflexive circulation of discourse, change over time, and create meaning for participants.
What is Warner's conception of the public sphere?
After Maya lost her job, she started painting every day, eventually selling her first piece at a local gallery. This unexpected success transformed her sense of purpose and reconnected her with a community from which she had long withdrawn.
What is an example of a narrative, according to Foss?
The element of the dramatistic pentad referring to how and why an action was taken, including what led to it
What is agency?
Meaning comes from people's interpretations of symbols or objects, and their interpretations are often shaped by cultural norms and values.
What is a foundational assumption of Hall's cultural theory?
“No true Christian would ever doubt their faith.”
What is an example of a no true Scotsman fallacy?
These seek to define the outlets, resources, and settings for marginalized individuals to convey and communicate their needs and interests in opposition to the forces that attempt to contain them
What are counterpublics?
Narratives reflect a society’s values, identities, imaginations, and problems.
What makes narratives rhetorically relevant?
Ideological criticism is focused on larger social structures and belief systems, rather than a rhetor's strategic choices.
How does ideological criticism differ from more traditional forms of criticism?
The people of Massachusetts
Who are the agents in Part 2 of Ling's pentadic analysis of Ed Kennedy's speech after the Chappaquiddick incident?