Emotion
True or False: Basic emotions are discrete and adaptive.
True
True or False: The eyes serve as Pinocchio's nose (or a sign) that indicate whether or not someone is being deceptive.
False. There is no Pinocchio's nose.
True or False: Individuals respond to social exclusion signals only if they are perceived as intentional.
False. We respond to everything!
True or False: Individuals with a larger online network are less likely to lie.
True.
Findings from the emotional contagion study on Facebook revealed which of the following…
a. Individuals in the negative condition produced more negative posts.
b. Individuals in the positive condition produced more negative posts.
c. Individuals in both the positive and negative conditions produced more negative posts after the experimental manipulation.
d.There was no effect.
a. Individuals in the negative condition produced more negative posts.
James told his mom that he was studying at his friend’s house. However, James’ mom knew he was lying because she overheard his phone conversation with his friend talking about the concert they were planning on attending that night. According to our class discussion, was James deceptive?
a. yes
b. no
a. yes
According to Hartgerink’s (2015) meta-analysis on Cyberball, individuals experiencing social exclusion using this method…
a. Did not experience either positive or negative emotions.
b. Experienced high levels of both positive and negative emotions.
c. Experienced high levels of positive and low levels of negative emotions.
d. Experienced low levels of positive and high levels of negative emotions.
d. Experienced low levels of positive and high levels of negative emotions.
According to a study described in the Hancock Ted Talk video on the future of lying, individuals reported lying most frequently through which of the following channels?
a. Face-to-face interviews
b. Texting
c. LinkedIn
d. Paper resumes
d. Paper resumes
Individuals high on _____ and _____ are more likely to use more emojis when communicating with others on Facebook.
extroversion & self-monitoring
Most individuals report telling _____ lies.
Other-serving
_____ are more likely than _____ to detect and respond to social exclusion cues.
Females, Males
In 2015, _____ was named word of the year by the Oxford English Dictionary.
The laughing emoji
According to the Waterloo et al. (2018) study, participants deemed which channel(s) as the most appropriate to disclose positive emotions through?
Which channel(s) was it most appropriate to disclose negative emotions?
Positive: All channels (WhatsApp, FB, Instagram, Twitter)
Negative: WhatsApp
Explain identity-based deception.
Lying about qualities or characteristics of the deceiver
-Typically occurs when the deceiver has no relationship with their communication partner
Identify two outcomes--or consequences--of being socially excluded...as discussed in class.
Conform to group opinions (Williams, Cheung, & Choi, 2000)
Increase cooperation (Ouwerkerk, Kerr, Galluci, & Van Lange, 2005)
Mimic com partner’s body language (Lakin & Chartrand, 2005)
-Have neural activity similar to that of experiencing physical pain (Eisenberger, Lieberman, & Williams, 2003)
-Consumption of unhealthy food (Baumeister, Dewall, Cuarocco, Twenge, 2005)
-Suicidal behavior (Van Orden et al., 2010)
Explain online disinhibition.
Disinhibition: Any characteristic characterized by an apparent reduction in concerns for self-presentation & the judgement of others
Through CMC, individuals lose a sense of identity—increased anonymity—and therefore, social norms don’t apply
Explain why females are better than males at emotion recognition.
“Primary caretaker hypothesis”: Child care required quick & accurate interpretations of facial expressions (Bubchuk, Hames, & Thompson, 1985)
Explain the difference between assessment signals and conventional signals.
Assessment Signals
-Inherently reliable (trustworthy)
-Production of signal requires that characteristic
-Ex. Lifting a 500lb weight signifies strength, weak are unable to do so
Conventional Signals
-Not inherently reliable
-Link between signal & characteristic is arbitrary
-Ex. Chatroom username: Strongman1989
Explain sociometer theory.
Individuals have a “sociometer” or an internal gauge which subconsciously & automaticallymonitors the environment for cues indicating how valued and accepted they are by others (i.e., relational value)
State self-esteem is the output of the sociometer
Current feelings about oneself; fluctuates in response to real-time interpersonal events
Explain the findings from the study on social media and cognitive processing abilities.
Individuals high on trait belongingness who also perceived being excluded did actually experience decrements in their self-esteem & complex cognitive processing abilities
-...regardless of condition