Combat Robotics

Chassis

100

What materials are commonly used in constructing the chassis of combat robots?

Aluminum

• Good strength-to-weight ratio
• Decent durability
• Easy to machine and fabricate
• Lightweight but less rigid than steel

Steel

• High strength and stiffness
• Excellent durability against impacts
• More difficult to machine but robust
• Heavier than aluminum but offers superior rigidity

Titanium

• Exceptional strength-to-weight ratio
• Highly resistant to impacts and corrosion
• Challenging to machine but superior performance
• Extremely lightweight but comes with a higher cost

Polycarbonate (Lexan)

• Good impact resistance and flexibility
• Decent durability but scratches easily
• Easy to work with using basic tools
• Lightweight but less rigid than metals

HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene)

• Good impact resistance and flexibility
• Excellent resistance to abrasion and chemicals
• Easy to machine and shape
• Lightweight and buoyant

Composite Materials

• Combine strength and properties of multiple materials
• Excellent resistance to impacts, corrosion, and fatigue
• Requires specialized fabrication techniques
• Lightweight with high strength but often costly

UHMW (Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene)

• Exceptional strength-to-weight ratio
• Highly resistant to impacts and abrasion
• Easy to machine and shape
• Lightweight and durable, offering good rigidity for certain applications

200

How does the choice of wheels impact the traction and speed of a combat robot?

Traction

• Tread Design: Aggressive treads offer better grip on rough terrain.
• Material: Softer materials provide better traction.
• Wheel Size: Larger wheels generally offer better traction.
• Weight Distribution: Proper weight distribution maximizes traction.

Speed

• Wheel Diameter: Larger wheels result in higher top speeds.
• Wheel Material: Low-friction materials allow for higher speeds.
• Wheel Configuration: Different configurations affect speed differently.
• Motor Power: Higher-powered motors drive wheels faster.

Trade-offs

• Traction vs. Speed: There is often a trade-off between the two.
• Terrain Considerations: Wheel choice depends on the competition terrain.
• Combat Strategy: Strategy influences wheel selection.

300

Explain the importance of armor design in protecting the chassis of a combat robot.

Protection from Weapon Strikes

• Absorbs impact and deflects attacks to prevent damage to vital components.

Structural Integrity

• Reinforces chassis to prevent deformation or breakage.
• Shields critical components to ensure operational functionality.

Durability and Longevity

• Withstands wear and tear to prolong chassis lifespan.
• Reduces maintenance requirements and downtime between matches.

Strategic Advantage

• Exploits opponents' weaknesses and intimidates them.
• Forces opponents into defensive positions.

Weight Distribution

• Maintains balanced weight distribution for stability and maneuverability.
• Minimizes vulnerabilities by covering critical areas effectively.

Adaptability and Customization

• Tailors protection to specific threats expected in competition.
• Allows for modular adjustments to suit opponent or competition rules.

Regulatory Compliance

• Ensures compliance with competition standards for fair and safe gameplay.
• Avoids disqualification or penalties for non-compliant armor design.

400

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a wedge-shaped chassis in combat robotics?

Advantages:

• Defensive Capability: Effective at deflecting opponents' attacks.
• Controlled Engagement: Dictates the direction and pace of engagement.
• Low Ground Clearance: Difficult for opponents to get underneath.
• Stability: Provides stability during maneuvers and collisions.
• Simple Design: Easier to build and less costly.

Disadvantages:

• Limited Offensive Capability: May lack offensive weapons.
• Vulnerability to Wedge Anticipation: Opponents may counter the strategy.
• Control Dependence: Relies on driver skill for effectiveness.
• Limited Versatility: May struggle against certain opponents or scenarios.
• Potential for Being Pushed Aside: Vulnerable to being outmaneuvered.

500

How can teams customize the chassis of their combat robots to adapt to different types of opponents in competitions?

Modular Weapon Systems

• Interchangeable weapons for different opponent types.
• Quick change mechanisms for rapid adaptation.

Adjustable Armor Configuration

• Modular armor panels for varying levels of protection.
• Customizable armor attachments to counter opponent strategies.

Weight Distribution Optimization

• Adjustable mechanisms for optimized stability.
• Dynamic center of gravity control for agility.

Specialized Drive Systems

• Traction control systems for varied terrain.
• Experimentation with different drive train configurations.

Sensor Integration and Feedback

• Versatile sensor suite for real-time opponent analysis.
• Feedback-driven adjustments based on sensor data.

Adaptive Control Strategies

• Behavioral algorithms for analyzing opponent behavior.
• Learning algorithms for continuous improvement over time.

Electronics

100

What electronic components are commonly used in combat robots for control and power distribution?

Control Components

• Microcontroller or Single-Board Computer
• Radio Receiver
• Electronic Speed Controllers (ESCs)
• Motor Controllers
• Sensors
• Remote Control System

Power Distribution Components

• Battery
• Power Distribution Board (PDB)
• Voltage Regulators
• Capacitors
• Fuses and Circuit Breakers
• Wiring and Connectors

Auxiliary Components

• Switches
• LED Indicators
• Cooling Systems

200

How do teams ensure the reliability of the electronic systems in their combat robots?

Design Considerations

• Select high-quality components
• Implement redundancy
• Organize layout and wiring
• Provide adequate protection

Testing Procedures

• Functional testing
• Stress testing
• Environmental testing
• Continuous monitoring

Pre-Competition Checks

• Thorough inspections
• Carry spare components
• Final testing before matches

Post-Competition Maintenance

• Damage assessment
• Cleaning and maintenance
• Repair and replacement

300

Explain the role of sensors in enhancing the functionality of a combat robot during a match.

Navigation and Orientation

• Gyroscopes and accelerometers aid in control and stability.
• Magnetometers provide heading information for navigation.

Obstacle Detection and Avoidance

• Ultrasonic and infrared sensors detect objects and obstacles.
• Enables the robot to navigate around hazards and opponents.

Environmental Awareness

• Temperature sensors prevent overheating.
• Humidity sensors monitor environmental conditions.

Weapon Control and Targeting

• Distance sensors assist in accurate weapon targeting.
• Force sensors provide feedback for weapon power adjustment.

Feedback and Monitoring

• Current sensors monitor power consumption.
• Voltage sensors detect low battery conditions.

Self-Diagnostics and Safety

• Fault detection sensors trigger safety protocols.
• Self-righting mechanisms use orientation sensors.

Strategy and Decision Making

• Data fusion combines sensor information for better decision-making.
• Enables autonomous navigation and tactical execution.

400

Describe the differences between brushed and brushless motors commonly used in combat robotics.

Brushed Motors

• Construction: Brushes and commutator
• Maintenance: Require more maintenance
• Cost: Generally less expensive
• Control: Simple speed controllers
• Torque: Higher at low speeds
• Efficiency: Typically less efficient
• Size and Weight: May be larger and heavier

Brushless Motors

• Construction: No brushes or commutator
• Maintenance: Virtually maintenance-free
• Cost: Generally more expensive
• Control: Specialized speed controllers
• Torque: Higher power-to-weight ratios
• Efficiency: Generally more efficient
• Size and Weight: Smaller and lighter

500

How do teams implement remote control systems to operate their combat robots effectively during battles?

Transmitter Design

• Select reliable transmitter with sufficient channels
• Design for comfortable grip and intuitive control
• Customize control settings to operator preferences

Receiver Installation

• Ensure compatibility and stability
• Secure placement within the robot
• Optimize antenna position for signal reception

Control Mapping

• Assign specific controls to robot functions
• Organize mappings logically for quick operation

Fail-Safe Mechanisms

• Implement fail-safes for signal loss or interference
• Test rigorously for reliability

Range Testing

• Conduct range tests to determine effective operating range
• Optimize settings and antenna positions for signal strength

Practice and Familiarization

• Provide operators with ample practice time
• Simulate combat scenarios for realistic training

Backup Systems

• Implement redundant control systems
• Regularly test backup systems for reliability

Continuous Monitoring

• Provide real-time feedback on system status
• Adjust settings and positions as needed during competition

Design

100

What factors should be considered when designing a combat robot for optimal performance?

1. Durability and Strength: The robot's frame and armor must withstand significant impacts. Materials like hardened steel, titanium, and advanced composites are often used.
2. Weight Distribution: Proper weight distribution ensures stability and agility. The robot should not be too top-heavy to avoid tipping over during combat.
3. Modularity: Designing components to be easily replaceable allows for quick repairs and modifications between matches.

200

Explain the importance of weight distribution in combat robot design.

Stability

• Prevents tipping
• Handles impacts better

Maneuverability

• Improves control
• Enhances agility

Weapon Efficiency

• Optimizes weapon impact
• Reduces recoil

Durability

• Enhances structural integrity
• Protects components

Traction and Grip

• Maintains ground contact
• Prevents skidding

Energy Efficiency

• Reduces power consumption
• Optimizes battery life

Combat Strategy

• Adaptability
• Versatility

300

How can the shape and size of a combat robot impact its maneuverability in the arena?

1. Aerodynamics: Streamlined shapes reduce air resistance, which can slightly improve speed and responsiveness, although this is less critical at the typical speeds of combat robots.
2. Low Profile: A lower profile makes the robot less susceptible to flipping and allows it to navigate under certain obstacles or opponents.
3. Compact Design: Compact shapes reduce the target area, making the robot harder to hit and more agile.
4. Edge and Corner Handling: Rounded edges and fewer sharp corners prevent the robot from getting caught on arena features or opponents.
5. Overall Dimensions: Smaller robots can navigate tight spaces more easily and are generally more agile. They can avoid obstacles and opponent attacks more effectively.
6. Weight Distribution: Size affects weight distribution, which in turn influences balance and stability. A well-balanced size ensures better maneuverability.
7. Center of Gravity: A lower center of gravity, often easier to achieve in smaller robots, enhances stability and reduces the risk of tipping over.
8. Footprint: A larger footprint can improve stability but may reduce the ability to maneuver in confined spaces. Conversely, a smaller footprint increases agility but can compromise stability.

400

Describe the process of prototyping and testing a combat robot's design before competition.

(Start to finish)

1. Conceptual Design

• Brainstorming
• Simulation and Modeling

2. Material Selection and Acquisition

• Choosing Materials
• Procurement

3. Initial Prototyping

• Building the Frame
• Assembling Components

4. Functional Testing

• Basic Functionality Tests
• Mobility Tests

5. Stress Testing

• Durability Tests
• Component Stress Tests

6. Iteration and Refinement

• Identify Weak Points
• Make Adjustments
• Rebuild and Retest

7. Battle Simulation

• Controlled Environment Testing
• Tactical Testing

8. Final Adjustments

• Fine-Tuning
• Validation Testing

9. Documentation and Preparation

• Document Design
• Pack and Prepare

10. Pre-Competition Testing

• Final Check
• Practice Runs

500

Why is it essential to have a strategy for both offense and defense in the design of a combat robot?

Offense

• Winning Matches: Increases chances of scoring points and winning.
• Weapon Efficiency: Maximizes impact and damage potential.
• Exploiting Weaknesses: Targets opponent’s vulnerabilities.
• Control of the Match: Maintains offensive pressure.

Defense

• Survivability: Ensures robot can withstand attacks.
• Damage Mitigation: Reduces damage to critical components.
• Energy Conservation: Avoids unnecessary damage.
• Longevity: Reduces downtime for repairs.

Manufacturing

100

What is the role of CNC milling in combat robot manufacturing?

Precision Machining

• CNC milling ensures accurate cutting and shaping of components.
• Critical for precise fit and functionality of robot parts.

Customization and Complexity

• Enables production of custom-designed parts with intricate shapes.
• Supports fabrication of specialized components tailored to specific designs.

Material Versatility

• Works with a wide range of materials used in combat robot construction.
• Allows for selection of materials based on performance requirements.

Batch Production and Reproducibility

• Suitable for batch production of identical or similar components.
• Ensures consistent quality and accuracy across multiple copies.

Rapid Prototyping and Iterative Design

• Facilitates quick translation of digital designs into physical prototypes.
• Supports iterative design processes for testing and refinement.

Integration with CAD/CAM Software

• Integrated with CAD/CAM software for seamless manufacturing workflow.
• Generates toolpaths directly from digital design models for efficient machining.

200

Why is soldering a crucial skill in combat robot manufacturing?

Electrical Connections

• Soldering creates reliable electrical connections between components, ensuring proper functioning of the robot's electronic systems.

Circuit Assembly

• Soldering is essential for assembling circuit boards and wiring harnesses, allowing for the integration of sensors, motors, and other electronic components.

Mechanical Stability

• Soldered connections provide mechanical stability, preventing wires and components from coming loose or disconnecting during the rigors of combat.

Compact Design

• Soldered connections are compact, allowing for a more space-efficient layout of electronic components within the robot's chassis.

Customization

• Soldering enables customization of electronic systems, allowing teams to adapt and modify circuits to suit their specific robot design and performance requirements.

300

What are the advantages of using a CNC mill in precision manufacturing for combat robots?

The advantages of using a CNC mill in precision manufacturing for combat robots include:

1. High Precision

• CNC mills offer exceptional accuracy and repeatability, ensuring precise machining of components to meet tight tolerances.

2. Versatility

• CNC mills can work with a wide range of materials, including metals, plastics, and composites, providing versatility in component fabrication.

3. Complex Geometry

• CNC mills can produce intricate and complex shapes that are difficult or impossible to achieve with manual machining methods, enabling innovative designs for combat robot components.

4. Efficiency

• CNC milling machines can operate continuously and autonomously, maximizing productivity and reducing manufacturing time compared to manual machining processes.

5. Consistency

• CNC mills produce consistent results across multiple parts, ensuring uniformity in component dimensions and quality, which is critical for assembly and performance.

6. Scalability

• CNC machining is scalable, allowing for the production of single prototypes or large batches of components with consistent quality and precision.

7. Integration with CAD/CAM

• CNC mills are integrated with CAD/CAM software, enabling seamless transfer of digital designs to machining instructions, streamlining the manufacturing process and minimizing errors.

400

What safety precautions should be followed when soldering components for a combat robot?

1. Eye Protection

• Wear safety glasses or goggles to protect against splashes of molten solder and potential eye injuries.

2. Ventilation

• Work in a well-ventilated area or use a fume extractor to remove soldering fumes, which can be harmful if inhaled.

3. Heat Protection

• Use heat-resistant gloves to protect hands from burns when handling hot soldering irons and components.

4. Fire Safety

• Keep a fire extinguisher nearby in case of accidental fires caused by soldering equipment or overheating components.

5. Workspace Organization

• Maintain a clean and clutter-free workspace to prevent accidents and ensure proper ventilation.

6. Electrical Safety

• Turn off soldering irons when not in use to prevent accidental burns or electrical fires.
• Avoid working on live circuits to minimize the risk of electric shock.

7. Handling Hazardous Materials

• Be cautious when handling lead-based solder and flux, as they can be toxic if ingested or inhaled.
• Wash hands thoroughly after soldering to remove any traces of hazardous materials.

8. Proper Equipment Usage

• Use soldering irons with temperature controls to prevent overheating and damage to components.
• Follow manufacturer's instructions for soldering equipment and materials to ensure safe and effective use.

500

What language does the HAAS CNC understand?

G-Code

3D Modeling

100

Which software is commonly used for 3D modeling in combat robotics?

Fusion 360

Solid Works 

200

How can 3D modeling help in visualizing the robot design before production?

Open answer

300

In 3D modeling, what does the term "constraints" refer to?

1. Definition: Constraints are rules or conditions applied to objects or elements within a 3D model to control their behavior or properties.

2. Purpose: They ensure that certain aspects of the model remain fixed or behave in specific ways, even when other elements are manipulated.

3. Types of Constraints:

   • Positional Constraints: Control the position of objects in 3D space.
   • Orientation Constraints: Determine the orientation or rotation of objects.
   • Dimensional Constraints: Specify the size or scale of objects.
   • Parenting Constraints: Establish parent-child relationships between objects.
   • Motion Constraints: Govern the movement of objects.
   • Physical Constraints: Simulate real-world physics like gravity or collisions.

4. Importance: Constraints are crucial for maintaining consistency, realism, and control in 3D models, especially in animations and simulations.

5. Flexibility: They provide flexibility in modeling and animation workflows while ensuring predictable behavior according to predefined rules.

400

This term refers to the process of converting a 3D model into physical parts using techniques like 3D printing or CNC machining in high school combat robotics.

What is additive manufacturing or subtractive manufacturing?

500

To optimize their robots' performance, students often employ this strategy in 3D modeling, which involves simulating and analyzing stress distribution to ensure structural integrity.

 What is finite element analysis (FEA) or stress analysis?