Vocabulary
Peripheral receptors that respond to mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli.
Nociceptors
Used for children >3 years old using faces from a broad smile to a tearful grimace.
Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale (most common)
Diabetes often experience this type of pain.
Neuropathy (numbness, prickling, tingling) Damage to peripheral and autonomic nerves.
Margo McCaffery defines pain as....
"Pain is whatever the experiencing person say it is, existing whenever the experiencing person says it does"
This intervention is used to deliver the prescribed opioid analgesic using a computerized, portable infusion pump.
PCA pump (patient-controlled analgesia)
Morphine, Fentanyl, Hydromorphone (Diluadid).
Fibers that carry pain impulses to the brain
Afferent fibers (A-delta fast conducting and C-fibers-slow conducting)
FLACC scale assesses what 5 areas?
F-Faces
L-Legs
A-Activity
C-Cry
C-Consolability
(for children ages 2-7 who are unable to validate the presence of pain. 0-2 scale)
Somatic pain
What are 3 common physiologic responses to pain?
Increased blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate,
Muscle tension and rigidity
Pupil dilation
Patient reports dark bloody bowel movements. What type of medication should be discontinued by the provider?
A. Acetaminophen
B. Opioids
C. NSAIDS
D. Antianxiety medications
C.
NSAIDS (non-steroidal anti-inflammatories) risk for bleeding
Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
Celebrex
Aspirin
Naproxen (Aleve)
Symptoms of pain that reoccur and contain elements of acute & chronic pain.
Exacerbation
Uses 0-10 to assess pain.
Numeric Rating Scale
Pain that last more than 3 months.
Chronic pain; fibromyalgia, cancer, trauma, etc.
The acronym "OLD" assesses what components of pain?
O=Onset (when did it start)
L=Location
D=How long does the pain last?
The nurse applies the gate theory control of pain to the patient experiencing back pain. What intervention "closes the gate."
A. Regular use of analgesics
B. Applying moist heat to the area.
C. Reviewing the patient's past pain experience
D. Ambulating the patient.
B.
Gate theory states that a limited amount of sensory information can be processed by the nervous system. When too much information is sent through, certain cells in the spinal column interrupt the signals.
Heat stimulates the large nerve fibers to close the gate, block pain receptors.
An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage.
Definition of pain according to The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP).
Scale used for patient with cognitive impairment.
Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia PAINAD scale.
facial expressions, verbalization, body movements, interpersonal interactions, changes in activity/routines, changes in mental status.
This pain occurs in any person who has had a body part amputated.
Phantom Limb Pain
What are 3 situational circumstances to assess that could lead to the older adult experiencing pain.
Depression
Boredom
Loneliness
The Pasero Opioid Induced Sedation Scale assesses respiratory depression in adult and pediatric patients. A patient who scores a "4" on this scale would be considered to have no response to stimuli.
What opioid antagonist is given to reverse the respiratory depressant effect of an opioid?
Pain that is resistant to therapy and persist despite a variety of interventions.
Intractable
Used in infants and newborns.
CRIES scale 0-2
C-crying
R-requires oxygen
I-increased vital signs
E-expression
S-sleeplessness
(>4 requires treatment)
This type of pain originates in body organs as they start to inflame, become distended or ischemic.
Visceral Pain
A patient with chronic pain who has been taking opioid analgesics for pain for the last 6 months is at risk for what?
Dependence
Name 3 nonpharmacologic interventions used to help decreased pain.
Massage
Humor
Music
Hypnosis