Group Formation
This idea refers to the way members create and maintain a group, including establishing a group's roles, norms, rules, and climate
What is... Structuration (Adams et al., 2021, p. 94)
These three tensions arise during the lifetime of a group
What is... (1) Primary Tension - anxiety arising early in the group formation as members work out their roles. (2) Secondary Tension - task-related tension that stems from differing opinions about the work of the group. (3) Tertiary Tension - stems from power and status struggles in the group (Adams et al., 2021, p. 96)
Group roles emerge as a function of your personality, behavior, and expectations and are essential for a functioning group. These three roles make up the role functions of a small group
What is... (1) Task Roles - contribute directly to the accomplishment of the group's task and is a helpful group role, (2) Maintenance Roles - help the group maintain harmonious relationships and a cohesive interpersonal climate and is a helpful group role, and (3) Individual Roles - consists of behaviors that place a member's needs ahead of the group's and is a harmful group role (Adams et al., 2021, p. 104)
These make up the five stages of socialization
What is... Antecedent stage, Anticipatory stage, Encounter Stage, Assimilation stage, Exit stage (Adams et al., 2021, p. 102)
This term refers to members of a group who consistently violate important group norms
What is... Deviants (Adams et al., 2021, p. 110)
This problem in group development occurs when a group's attention must shift between concentrating on its task and concentrating on the relationships between members
What is... the Equilibrium Problem (Adams et al., 2021, p. 95)
When this is low, cognitively diverse teams may suffer from a lack of harmony in pursuit of their goals because of differences in perspectives and opinions.
What is... Conflict Management (Mello & Delise, 2015, p. 210
List the five steps of Groupthink
What is... (1) Antecedents of Groupthink, like high levels of cohesiveness and provocative situational contexts (2) Concurrence Seeking, like agreeing with the group even when you disagree (3) Symptoms of Groupthink, like the pressure to conform and the illusion of unanimity (4) Decision-Making Defects, like processing information ineffectively (5) Poor Decision Outcomes, as in the whole process leads to bad group decisions (Henningsen et al., 2006, p. 37)
This theory deals with socialization and states that members communicate to reduce uncertainty about their place in the group and such group processes as establishing norms and rules on how to behave, make decisions, and handle conflict.
What is... Uncertainty Reduction Theory (Riddle et al., 2013, p. 557)
This term can cause one to lose interpersonal trust by having an unstated private goal that the member wants to achieve through the use of a group
What is... Hidden Agenda (Adams et al., 2021, p. 115)
What is... Positive perceptions
Studies show that employees with positive perceptions of their work team reported much higher levels of workplace commitment than those with negative or neutral perceptions of their work team (Ogungbamila et al., 2010, p. 738)
Conflict negatively affects workgroups and teams by doing what?
What is... Conflict narrows the range of attention within the group and impairs the group’s integrative problem-solving ability. Group members can engage in resolving, ignoring, or fighting the conflict rather than spending effort and time on the tasks at hand (Rispens et al., 2020, p. 3)
Studies show that cultural background has an effect on group participation, (1) this culture favors achieving the individual goals and is found to be common in places like Britain, and (2) this culture favors achieving group goals and is found to be common in places like China
What is... (1) Individualistic culture and (2) Collectivistic culture (Hagger et al., 2014, p.219)
This term occurs when multiple members engage in leadership functions by displaying various actions that might benefit the group, such as proactively taking charge or making suggestions, and other team members follow these directions.
This term is defined as the emergent shared sense of anticipation and responsibility that results from interactions between the individuals accountable for group actions and the remaining group members.
What is... Group Accountability (Kou & Stewart, 2018, p. 45)
These three knowledge building variables are pertinent to using and integrating others’ unique information and developing meaning collaboratively
What is... (1) Knowledge Transfer - requires team members to share information and other members to listen to and absorb the information (2) Knowledge Interoperability - rather than merely recognizing the information, team members are able to recall it because it is integrated into existing schema structures (3) Cognitive congruence - occurs when team members cognitively structure task information similarly (Rentsch et al., 2014, p. 571)
Conflicts are likely to emerge whenever people work together and are broadly defined as perceived incompatibilities by those involved. Name the three distinct types of conflict when working in groups
What is... (1) Task Conflict - disagreements among team members, including ideas, thoughts, and viewpoints related to the task (2) Relationship Conflict -disagreements and incompatibilities among team members about non-work personal issues (3) Process Conflict - disagreements about the delegation of task responsibilities and resources (Rispens et al., 2020, p. 3)
These are the two underlying accountability dimensions that shape actors’ behaviors
What is... (1) Clarity of task objectives - influences the degree to which groups fully understand their focal tasks (2) Time pressure to act - reflects the temporal aspect of the focal task accountability objective (either immediate or distant) (Kou & Stewart, 2018, p. 46)
This term has its validity addressed by reporting the investigation of its relationship to cohesion, consensus, satisfaction, and loneliness. These factors are viewed as important outcomes from the group process that often determine if groups reach their goals and members like or dislike their experiences
What is... Socialization scale
(Riddle et al., 2013, p. 555)
This process occurs when group members adjust their roles based on the perceptions they form during social interactions.
What is... Role-Boundary Adaptation (Kou & Stewart, 2018, p. 36)
These make up the four ethical guidelines that ensure successful group formation
What is... (1) Group members should communicate in ways that help establish a supportive climate (2) Communication that degrades other members must not be tolerated (3) Freedom of expression, diversity of perspective, and tolerance of disagreement must be encouraged (4) Members must be willing to express their genuine personal convictions, even if this requires courage to disagree with other members (Adams et al., 2021, p. 119)
Conflict Management can act as a moderating variable to assist teams in overcoming negative interpersonal issues. Name the two approaches that mitigate the otherwise negative relationship between interpersonal clashes and team effectiveness.
What is... (1) Active and (2) Cooperative
Evidence also suggests that conflict management can reduce the reciprocal relationship between detrimental affective conflict and constructive task conflict in teams (Mello & Delise, 2015, p. 210)
These four behavioral methods for facilitating tension must be managed appropriately for a group to perform at its best
What is... (1) Group members can move through the primary tension stage more quickly if they know each other. (2) Members can reduce both primary and secondary tension by sharing what they know about the problem at hand. (3) Secondary and tertiary tensions can be managed if group members demonstrate tolerance for disagreement. (4) Humor is also an effective way to handle group secondary and tertiary tension (Adams et al., 2021, p. 97)
Three solutions for Group Socialization
What is... (1) Everyone must practice open communication, be accepting of one another, and welcome the positive change new members can bring. (2) Effective socialization requires a balance between individual member and group goals. (3) The process is mutual: the newcomer must adjust to the group, but so must the group adjust to the newcomer (Adams et al., 2021, p. 101)
This is the beneficial outcome of holding a group collectively accountable for the quality of its decision-making processes
What is... its members are more motivated to focus on shared outcomes, to cooperate, to systematically exchange more information, and to produce more task solutions than they would be if accountability were implemented at the individual level (Kou & Stewart, 2018, p. 38)