If the Evidence is true and the Warrant is sound, this argument element presents an exceptional condition when the Claim might still be false.
What is a Rebuttal?
100
The knowledge, experience, qualifications or credentials of an evidence source.
What is expertise?
100
A reasoning prototype where the logic of the warrant depends on the quality of the research source used by the arguer.
What is Authoritative argument?
100
"The ability, in a particular case, to identify the available means of persuasion."
What is rhetoric?
100
Aristotle discussed this proof as persuasion through emotional or sensory appeal.
What is pathos?
200
A descriptive word or phrases that modifies the strength or force of a claim -- "how true" the Claim is.
What is a Qualifier?
200
The extent to which evidence is directly pertinent to the subject matter under discussion.
What is relevance?
200
A reasoning prototype in which observing one condition provides an indication that another, often unobserved condition, also exists (e.g., a correlation).
What is Sign argument?
200
The three components of a rhetorical situation, according to Lloyd Bitzer.
What are exigence, audience, and constraints?
200
One of three strategies for constructing ethos appeals, this strategy involves the rhetor presenting that they have the best interests of the audience at heart.
What is goodwill?
300
Premises or other information that supports the soundness of the Warrant.
What is Backing?
300
When an evidence source is able to provide information or opinions based on direct observation of the subject matter.
What is access?
300
A reasoning prototype where the logic of the warrant depends on connecting facts or opinions to a subjective value or policy claim because the claim fulfills an important need, want, or priority of the audience.
What is Motivational argument?
300
According to Herrick, "any [arbitrary] mark, sign, sound, or gesture that communicates meaning based on social agreement."
What is a symbol?
300
One of two forms of logos construction in rhetorical argument, this form involves leading an audience to draw a conclusion based in part on implicit premises that the audience will fill in for themselves.
What is an enthymeme?
400
An example of a single word one could add to a Claim that would constitute a Qualifier.
What is _____________? (your answer may vary)
400
When an opinion or conclusion is very similar to opinions or conclusions from other sources.
What is external consistency?
400
A reasoning prototype in which what is true for one object will also be true for another object because the two examples are similar in a significant way.
What is Parallel Case argument?
400
Contextual elements of a situation that limit -- or enable -- the options available to an arguer in crafting a response.
What are constraints?
400
Aristotle provided three reasons why rhetoric is useful. This one is the primary rationale for the case brief writing assignment for our Policy Debate project.
What is "being able to argue on both sides of an issue?"
500
A procedural step in argument diagramming when the part you are including was implied, not explicitly stated, by the arguer.
What is "put it in a dotted line box?"
500
When a source has been proven correct many times in the past?
What is reliability?
500
A reasoning prototype in which a general truth for an entire group of objects is applied to a specific example oject from that group.
What is Classification argument?
500
According to Burke, the establishment of "consubstantiality," or common ground, between persons that is required for any successful communication.
What is identification?
500
“The _____________ is to deal with such matters as we deliberate upon without arts or systems to guide us . . .. The subjects of our deliberation are such as seem to present us with alternative possibilities.”