Accio
Which of the following are incorrect regarding OSHA reporting requirements (select all that apply):
OSHA reporting is optional for companies unless they exceed 300 employees
It is not required to report hospitalizations if the injury was a result of employee negligence
OSHA requires employers report work related hospitalizations, amputations and major injuries
Injuries may be documented internally, but workplace fatalities must be reported to OSHA.
OSHA reporting is optional for companies unless they exceed 300 employees (OSHA 300 log documentation applies to most employers with 10 or more employees [there are some exemptions])
It is not required to report hospitalizations if the injury was a result of employee negligence (all hospitalizations must be reported)
Injuries may be documented internally, but workplace fatalities must be reported to OSHA (per page 502, "fatality, morbidity, and incidence rates for workplace illnesses and injuries for U.S. industries" must be reported in the OSHA 300 log)
All people exposed to a hazardous substance will have the same symptoms eventually.
True or false, and why?
False. Individual factors like genetics, age, health status (including preexisting medical Dxs) and level of exposure play a role in how someone reacts to an exposure.
As a school nurse you are working to improve vaccination rates in your school. Which method would be most effective in increasing participation in the vaccine program?
Host a vaccine clinic at the school
Post flyers about the vaccines around the school
Send letters home with information about the importance of vaccines
Host a vaccine clinic at the school
While helpful, the other two options do not offer the most direct route for patients to get their necessary vaccines. Those would be good interventions to have in conjunction with the onsite vaccine clinic to promote participation in the program.
As a school nurse you are asked to initiate scoliosis screening for all the students. How should you proceed?
Review the school scoliosis screening laws and regulations.
The same holds true for all medical screenings; a school nurse should be sure to check the laws and regulations before administering school wide screenings to ensure they have UTD knowledge on the most current best practice, ensuring they're not practicing outside of their scope.
Which of the following would be included in a school wide program about improving overall health?
Vision screenings to determine the need for glasses
Administering medications to students during their school day
School wide campaign on handwashing
School wide campaign on handwashing
This option offers an intervention that would improve health, is a general topic that effects the body as a whole and can be taught in schools.
Vision screenings focus only on one problem with one body system (visual acuity) and school nurses are not permitted to Dx students with the need for corrective lenses.
Administration of medication would only apply to those students who need it and would therefore exclude a large percentage of the students. Also, it would only address the issue related to the need for the medication and not overall general health.
Which of the following are not characteristics of a nurse managed health center? (select all that apply)
Focus on holistic patient centered care
Focus primarily on acute care
Offer affordable healthcare for un/underinsured patients
Maintain multiple units (similar to a hospital)
Limit services to patients with health insurance
Focus primarily on acute care
Maintain multiple units (similar to a hospital)
Limit services to patients with health insurance
NMHC focus on primary and preventive care rather than acute/emergency care
NMHC do not have specific units like a hospital
NMHC are intended to serve underserved populations, not only those with health insurance.
Which of the options below contribute to health disparities of urban communities (select all that apply)?
Lower rates of chronic disease than rural populations
Poor air quality due to vehicle emissions
Overcrowding
Higher levels of violence
Poor air quality due to vehicle emissions
Overcrowding
Higher levels of violence
Lower rates of chronic disease would not be a health disparity, all other options are true of urban populations.
Which roles would be specific to that of a parish nurse? Which would not? (select all that apply)
Integrating spiritual support into client care rooted in faith-based principals
Provide hands-on medical treatment for acute injuries, and other clinical nursing services
Provide spiritual care through shared faith beliefs
Provide health promotion interventions
Monitor and screen for health problems
Would be specific to a parish nurse:
Integrating spiritual support into client care rooted in faith-based principals
Provide spiritual care through shared faith beliefs
(These duties are specific to a parish nurse, meaning a "typical" nurse would not perform these duties)
Would not be specific to a parish nurse:
Provide hands-on medical treatment for acute injuries, and other clinical nursing services
Provide health promotion interventions
Monitor and screen for health problems
(These roles are those that, generally speaking, all nurses would have, and are therefore not specific to a parish nurse.)
Read these types of questions carefully to determine if they're asking what a nurse would do or specifically what a parish nurse would do
_____ sets and enforces workplace safety standards while _____ primarily conducts research and focuses on education and training.
OSHA sets and enforces workplace safety standards while NIOSH primarily conducts research and focuses on education and training.
A public health nurse asking for feedback on the proposed solutions for the lack of affordable transportation in the area is an example of which community method?
Consultation
Surveillance
Community empowerment
Consultation: the part in the planning phases where information is being shared with the PHN before an action plan is developed.
Surveillance: would be the nurse "keeping an eye" on a particular problem or data set.
Community empowerment: "process of increasing the capacity of individuals or groups to make choices and to transform those choices into desired actions and outcomes".
In an emergency who is the #1 most important person for you to keep safe?
YOU!!!!
Always ensure scene safety before providing aid, even if someone is in immediate danger and you have to delay providing care. Failing to do so could result in you becoming a victim as well.
What are three interventions that could be done to limit health disparities in a rural community?
Increase access to care (Funding for more medical centers/specialty health centers, increase scope of practice for NPs, develop school health programs to provide care to children, more utilization of telehealth, funding for mobile health clinics, improve access to medical insurance, incentives for docs to work in rural areas)
Transportation (financial assistance/reimbursement, implementation/expansion of public transportation)
Health promotion (incentive programs through insurance, promote preventive medicine [decrease the medical care people need], funding for fitness centers [to promote healthy lifestyle], incentive programs through employers, improvements to local education systems [poor edu is linked to poorer health])
Which are not health disparities faced by rural communities (select all that apply)?
Higher rates of un/under insured patients
Worse air pollution than in urban communities
Limited access to healthcare providers
Lack of specialty services
Injuries from collective violence
Worse air pollution than in urban communities
Injuries from collective violence
Rural communities do not have worse air pollution than urban communities. Injuries from collective violence is a health disparity of urban communities.
All other options are true of rural communities.
Which would be essential components of an emergency preparedness plan for a workplace disaster (select all that apply)?
Locations of security cameras
Company policy on financial assistance for affected employees
Clearly marked evacuation routes
A clear hierarchy for decision making during an emergency
Clearly marked evacuation routes
A clear hierarchy for decision making during an emergency
These are two essential components of a workplace disaster preparedness assessment. The other options would be good for HR and the security team to know but are not critical to assessing an employer's readiness to respond to a disaster.
You're working with clients in a desert community and are asked what type of natural disaster is mostly likely to affect your clientele. What would your response be? (Hint; we're not talking about wildfires)
Extreme heat
Yes, they are considering extreme heat a type of natural disaster
A nurse working with legislation to reduce air pollution is an example of which public health nursing approach?
Community engagement
Environmental health planning
Case management
Environmental health planning
The nurse saw an issue with the environment causing illness and got involved with legislation to help bring about changes for this community.
Case management would be care given to a specific case, not work done to address an environmental concern.
Community engagement may have been utilized in the beginning when determining the needs of the community, but the intervention as it relates specifically to getting involved with legislation to help reduce air pollution would not be considered community engagement.
Which phase of the emergency preparedness theoretical framework is focused on taking measures to reduce harmful effects on health, infrastructure and economy?
Mitigation
Be familiar with what types of actions fall under which step in the framework. Framework description and picture are on page 570.
A nurse partnering with a local organization to implement a community garden aimed at providing fresh produce for low-income families would be an example of which public health approach?
Community engagement
Environmental health planning
Health literacy promotion
Community engagement
The nurse got the community directly involved in the intervention to fix the problem.
There was nothing in this example that would lead us to believe the environment or health literacy were the culprits to the lack of fresh produce for low-income families.
Give a specific example of each of the four workplace hazards
Chemical - worker developed persistent cough and HA after working with strong ammonia based cleaner in a poorly ventilated space
Biological - zoo worker develops fever, fatigue and dyspnea after prolonged exposure to bird droppings
Physical - worker developed joint pain and back pain after years of repetitive lifting with poor ergonomic design of workstation
Psychological - manager reprimands and belittles employee for needing a larger size lab coat b/c hers no longer fits after having a baby.
For an occ health nurse reviewing an emergency response plain, which should you prioritize to improve emergency readiness?
Train key staff members in basic life support and emergency response procedures
Ensure local police and fire depts are aware of the drill schedule for appropriate response times
Store emergency plan in nurse's office for easy access
Train key staff members in basic life support and emergency response procedures
While it would be ideal to have local PD and FD at the drills, the employer can still ensure it's ready to respond to an emergency by properly training its staff without them present. Therefore, it would be best to prioritize the staff training rather than ensuring the drill schedule is well disseminated.
Emergency plans should be disseminated throughout the business, to include the nurse's office, but that shouldn't be the only location, as this makes it difficult to access come time to put it into action.
What are the three criteria for defining a disability?
Physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities
Have a record of this impairment/documented diagnosis
Person needs to be regarded as having an impairment
(Criteria on pg 511 in your textbook.)
What are the five key concepts/phases of the Emergency Preparedness Theoretical Framework?
Preparedness, Mitigation, Response, Recovery, Evaluation
Pg 570 of the text discusses the 4 key concepts of the preparedness framework as preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery, but also calls out the fifth component of evaluation.
What are three interventions that could be done to limit health disparities in an urban community?
Cleaner environments (legislation to promote clean environments, community programs to promote people cleaning up their local areas, reimbursements for business for decreasing emissions)
Decrease violence (legislation with stricter punishments for violent crimes, decrease liquor stores in high crime areas to decrease crime, increase police patrol in high crime areas, more police visibility during the day)
What two types of health conditions are most likely to be linked to increased mortality r/t poor ambient air quality, especially from vehicle emissions?
Respiratory disorders and cardiovascular disorders
Define mobile, point and area sources of pollution
Mobile sources: pollutants that may be generated and emitted from our transportation such as that from buses, trucks, cars, ships, planes, and construction equipment.
Point source: a major stationary source of contaminants such as chemical plants, power plants, refineries, and incinerators
Area source: smaller emissions from gas stations, dry cleaners, heating and cooling systems from large commercial buildings, and landfills.
(See details on pg 149)