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Scientific Method
Periodic Table
Types & Changes in Matter
Heat & Density
Electricity
100
What do we call variables that stay the same from trial to trial?
Constants
100
What is a pure form of matter made of only one kind of atom that cannot chemically be broken down?
An element
100
Which of the following are pure substances? Elements, Compounds, Mixtures
Elements and Compounds
100
What does adding heat do to the molecules in a material?
Heat causes the molecules to move faster.
100
What is an open circuit?
A circuit that has a break in it and therefore no current will flow.
200
This is the variable or response that is measured: ________________________ This is the variable that the experimenter changes on purpose ______________.
This is the variable or response that is measured: ______Dependent______ This is the variable that the experimenter changes on purpose ____Independent______.
200
Where are the metals and non-metals found on the periodic table?
Metals are on the left, non-metals are on the right
200
Do the parts of a mixture keep their individual properties? Do the parts of a compound keep their individual properties?
Do the parts of a mixture keep their individual properties?YES Do the parts of a compound keep their individual properties? NO
200
What is conduction and which state of matter does it happen fastest in and why?
Conduction is the transfer of heat by direct contact of molecules. It occurs faster in solids because molecules are tightly packed together.
200
What are the units for all components in ohm's law?
Voltage = volts Current = amps Resistance = ohms
300
An experiment is done to test how the amount of fertilizer affects plant growth. Name the independent variable, the dependent variable and 2 constants for this experiment.
Independent: amount of fertilizer the plant receives Dependent: plant growth/height Constants: amount of water, amount of sunlight, type of plant
300
Name the family of elements that have properties of both metals and non-metals and are sometimes referred to as “semi-metals” or semi-conductors.
The metalloid family
300
What is the different between a molecule and a compound?
A molecule is two or more atoms bonded together but a compound has to be two or more DIFFERENT atoms (O2 is a molecule but NOT a compound)
300
Explain what changes would need to be made to a boat to make it sink instead of float. Use the words mass, volume, and density in your answer.
A boat's density would need to increase in order for it to sink. In order to do this you could increase mass (add cargo or have it take on water), or decrease it's volume (if it were clay, reshape it into a ball).
300
Magnetic fields are ____________ the closer two magnets are to one another. The strength of the magnetic field is _________________ during repulsion vs. attraction.
Magnetic fields are __stronger____ the closer two magnets are to one another. The strength of the magnetic field is __the same____ during repulsion vs. attraction.
400
What does repeatable mean and why is it important?
Repeatable means that someone else could do the same exact experiment and get the same exact results. This is important because it shows that your results are reliable and not a fluke.
400
What elements are family members with Beryllium and what do all of these elements have in common?
Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra. They all have the same number of valence electrons which means that they will have similar reactivity and chemical properties
400
An ice cube melts. Is this a physical or chemical change? Explain using the idea of intermolecular forces.
Physical change. The molecule that makes up ice and water H2O. The only thing that has changed when ice melts is the space between the H20 molecules. The intermolecular forces weaken and the molecules spread apart from one another, changing the solid ice into liquid water. No bonds were made, broken, or changed.
400
Why do hotter materials rise above cooler materials? Explain in detail.
When materials are heated, the molecules speed up, bump into one another and spread out. This will increase the volume without changing the sample's mass, which will result in a lower density. Less dense material's rise about more dense materials.
400
What causes your hair to stand up when it has static electricity?
The hair has either lost or gained electrons and is either all positively or negatively charged. Like charge repel so the strands are separating from one another.
500
An experiment is done to test if mice get smarter based on the type of food that they eat. A mouse is timed to see how fast he/she can get out of a maze. Then the mouse is given a type of food and sent back in the maze and timed. At the next feeding, the mouse is given a different type of food before being timed in the maze again. The comparisons of the times will tell whether the mouse is getting smarter or not. Explain two major faults with this experiment.
Should always have a large sample size. You cannot come to a conclusion about all mice based on the behavior of 1 mouse. The mouse might have a faster time later on in the experiment because he/she is learning the maze, not because he/she is getting smarter from the food. This will make the data unreliable.
500
Name 4 properties of metals and 4 properties of non-metals.
Metals: Great conductors of heat and electricity, high luster, ductile, high density, and malleable. Non-metals: Poor conductors of heat and electricity, dull, brittle, low density.
500
Explain the difference between chemical and physical properties and give 2 examples of each.
Chemical- only observed during a reaction (Flammability, toxicity, stability) Physical- observed with your 5 senses or measured (smell, color, mass, volume, roughness, density, state of matter, etc)
500
Explain the differences between solid, liquid and gas states of matter. Discuss their volumes, shapes, energies, and intermolecular forces in your answer.
Solids have a definite/set volume and shape. Lowest energy, strongest IMFs Liquids have a definite/set volume but not shape. Energy level and strength of IMFs falls in between gases and solids. Gases do not have a definite/set volume or shape. Highest energy, weakest IMFs
500
What is the name of the common device that uses electromagnetic induction? What is the name of the common device that uses electromagnets?
What is the name of the common device that uses electromagnetic induction? Generator (uses magnetism to make electricity) What is the name of the common device that uses electromagnets? Motor (uses current to create magnetism)