Hematology
In what age is there:
Cellular decline
Lean body mass decreases
Fat Tissue Increases
Bone Mass Decrease
Elderly adult
Type of hearing loss that occurs with older adults
Presbycusis
Clinical manifestations include clouded, blurred, or dim vision; increasing night vision difficulty; sensitivity to light and glare; halo vision around light sources; fading or yellowing of colors; and double vision in a single eye. The manifestations change and become more dramatic as the cataract grows larger and distorts more of the patient’s vision.
What are cataracts?
These factors:
● Impaired or decreased mobility and decreased functional status with exposure to increased forces of pressure and shear
● Increased age
● Comorbid conditions such as end-stage renal disease, anemia, or diabetes mellitus
● Use of steroids
● Impaired blood flow as in atherosclerosis or lower extremity peripheral arterial disease
● Cognitive impairment
● Urinary or fecal incontinence
● Undernutrition, malnutrition, and deficits in hydration
●Can cause what?
● Terminal illness
What are pressure injuries?
S/S include:
● Decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin levels
● Decreased serum ferritin and iron levels
● Increased TIBC and lower transferrin
● Tachypnea
● Shortness of breath
● Tachycardia
● Pallor
● Fatigue
● Blood loss
● Changes in level of consciousness
● Cognitive impairment
● Glossitis
● Spoon-shaped fingernails
What is Iron Deficiency Anemia
The hemoglobin molecule is made up of _ globins with a heme molecule attached to each globin.
What is four?
S/S include;
● Vertigo
● Nausea and vomiting
● Sweating
● Increase in clinical manifestations with sudden movements
● Unilateral and sometimes bilateral hearing loss
● Tinnitus
● Diarrhea
● Headaches
● Abdominal pain
● Uncontrollable eye movements
What is Meniere's Disease
Clinical manifestations vary by the type . In primary clinical manifestations include gradual loss of peripheral vision, usually in both eyes, and tunnel vision in advanced stages. Acute is characterized by severe eye pain, nausea and vomiting, sudden onset of visual disturbance (often in low light), blurred vision, halo vision, and reddening of the eye. Normal-tension is a condition where optic nerve damage and vision loss occur despite having a normal IOP between 10 to 21 mm Hg.
What is glaucoma?
This closure is clean, minimal contamination, 6-8 hours old and may close with tape, staples sutures or glue
What is primary intention?
A deficiency can cause neurological and psychiatric dysfunctions. Demyelination of nerves can lead to spinal cord degeneration, peripheral neuropathy, and altered mental status and is linked to depression. Visual disturbances may occur as a result of nerve atrophy in the eyes. Because of the changes in RBC production the patient may exhibit clinical manifestations observed in other types of anemia, including tachycardia, tachypnea, shortness of breath, dizziness, and fatigue
What is B12 Deficiency
They destroy bacteria through phagocytosis and release antimicrobial chemicals
What are neutrophils?
sound described by patients, when no sound is actually present, include ringing, buzzing, roaring, clicking, whistling, and hissing sounds in the ear. These sounds may be present consistently or intermittently.
Tinnitus
Clinical manifestations include straight lines that appear distorted; absent or distorted central vision; dark, blurry areas or whiteout on center vision; and diminished or changed color perception.
What is macular degeneration
This is described as softened tissue in response to prolonged exposure to moisture
What is macerated tissue?
S/S include:
Fatigue
Pallor
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Dizziness
Mood changes
Increased bleeding risk
Neural tube defects in infants born of a woman with folic acid deficiency
What is Folic Acid anemia?
They release histamine, heparin and other mediators in inflammation response
What are basophils?
S/S include:
● Ear pain
● Tugging or pulling at ears (children)
● Trouble sleeping or lying flat
● Fever (can be quite pronounced in children)
● Fluid or blood draining from the ears (especially with tympanic membrane rupture)
● Hearing loss
● Infants/children often refuse to feed (sucking causes increased ear pain)
What is Acute Otitis Media
Clinical manifestations experienced by patients may be sudden or gradual. Patients may notice a sudden or gradual increase in the number of floaters in the visual field, or they may experience light flashes or the appearance of a curtain over the field of vision. Patients may describe a painless change in visual acuity or describe their vision as “looking through a veil or cobwebs.”
What is retinal detachment?
Which stage of wound healing is characterized by:
Activation of platelets and clotting factors
Fibrin deposition
Platelet release of cytokines
Fibroblasts activate production of collagen
What is Hemostasis (Immediate)
S/S include:
Fatigue
Pallor
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Shortness of breath
Dizziness
Headache
Frequent infections
Bruising
Nosebleeds
Gum bleeding
What is aplastic anemia?
RBC live approximately _ days
What is 120?
Abnormalities in the semicircular canals (canals within the ear that contain fluid that allow a person to know the position in space) or the central nervous system (CNS) structures that process signals from the semicircular canals are thought to be responsible for the spinning sensation experienced by patients with this condition
What is vertigo
Blurred vision when looking at close-up objects, aching eyes or feeling of eye strain, headache during reading
What is hyperopia (farsightedness)
KOH testing is used to diagnose which skin disorder?
What are fungal infections?
Nursing actions for this type of anemia include:
● Increase dietary iron.
● Increase intake of vitamin C.
● Administer iron-supplement therapy.
● Minimize blood loss.
What is iron deficiency anemia?