The Communication Iceberg
Models and Paradigms
Systems Theory
Definitions and Theories
Potpourri
100
The invisible aspect of communication represented by the phrase “we cannot not communicate.”
What is Inevitability?
100
In the Schramm model of communication, the notion of one’s life and all that one has lived through is represented by this term.
What is Field of Experience?
100
As a function of self-defense, this response activates the hormonal and muscular systems, readying the animal for maximum physical output.
What is the What is Stress or Fight-or-Flight (or Fancy) Response?
100
The process of reconciling our meanings with those of others
What is Negotiation?
100
The fact that most of what makes communication operate as it does occurs beneath the surface of observable experience demonstrates this characteristic of human communication.
What is Invisibility?
200
You have a terrible day at work, you come home and pick a fight with your roommate. This is an example of a particular part of the communication iceberg.
What is Interacting Contexts and Levels?
200
Harold Lasswell’s general view of communication came out of this intellectual paradigm.
What is Political Science
200
Pheromones are an example of this.
What is Olfactory messages?
200
Research findings, observations, or events that cannot be explained by, or are inconsistent with, existing paradigms.
What are Anomalies?
200
Communication breakdown is this kind of theory
What is Native Theory?
300
According to class discussions, the hidden levels of the Communication Iceberg can replace _________ as an explanation for what went wrong between Shane and Vivian in the video we saw in class.
What is Communication Breakdown?
300
Their model of communication introduced the concept of the Two-Step Flow
Who are Katz & Lazarsfeld?
300
The walls of the classroom, time, and a cake pan are all examples of this.
What is a Boundary?
300
Snatching your hand off of a hot burner illustrates this.
What is a First Order Information Processing Event?
300
Someone who helps disseminate information to the public.
What is an Opinion Leader?
400
The notion that states that no two people attach precisely the same meaning to the messages around us.
What is Subjectivity?
400
The tin can phone we demonstrated in class illustrated this anomaly
What is MS ≠ MR (message sent is not equal to message received)?
400
Vocalization, whistling, and vibrations are all means used by living things to produce this type of message.
What is Auditory?
400
The football thrown in class illustrated this Communication paradigm
What is the Message or Information Transmission paradigm?
400
The directional flow paradigm of Watzlawick, Beavin and Jackson’s model.
What is Interactive?
500
When meanings become shared.
What is Intersubjectivity?
500
Westley and MacLean suggested that communication does not begin with a source, but rather with these.
What is a series of signals or potential messages?
500
The taste of ocean salt water is a good example of this type of cue.
What is Gustatory?
500
This is illustrated by the Trick or Treat video.
What is Second Order Information Processing event?
500
New models of communication have developed in part because they are trying to account for this anomaly.
What is MS≠MR