Ch.1 (Intro)
This refers to working to make a difference in our communities by improving the quality of life of community members.
What is Civic Engagement?
Examples include physiology, gender, culture, past experiences, and current experiences?
What are factors that influence our perception?
This is used to create identities.
What is Language?
This is the vocalized but not verbal part of a spoken message, such as speaking rate, volume, and pitch.
What is paralanguage?
This is a focused and usually instrumental type of listening that is primarily physiological and occurs mostly at the receiving stage of the listening process.
What is Discriminative Listening?
This occurs in interactions where there are real or perceived incompatible goals, scarce resources, or opposing viewpoints.
What is Conflict?
These include the components of self that are primarily intrapersonal and connected to our life experiences. For example, I consider myself a book lover, and you may consider yourself a fan of rap music.
What are Personal Identities?
This form of communication takes place internally or reflectively.
What is Intrapersonal communication?
These are when we retrieve stored information to help us understand new experiences.
What is Schemata?
These are versions of languages that have distinct words, grammar, and pronunciation.
What are Dialects?
This refers to the study of communication by touch.
What is Haptics?
When we evaluate information to accept, reject, or withhold judgement until we have more information.
What is Critical Listening?
This style of conflict management often indicates a low concern for self and a low concern for other, and no direct communication about the conflict takes place.
What is Avoiding?
This is a view that argues the self is formed through our interactions with others and in relationship to social, cultural, and political contexts.
What is Social Constructionism?
This model of communication assumes that communication only goes in one direction. Here, a person can be a sender or receiver, but not both.
What is the Linear Model of Communication?
This occurs when initial positive perceptions lead us to view later interactions as positive.
What is the Halo Effect?
Examples include "lit," "rizz" "cool," "peace out," and "bestie." These help us understand relationships, overcome taboo terms, and be part of the in-group.
What is Slang?
This refers to the often subconscious practice of using nonverbal cues in a way that match those of others around us.
What is Mirroring?
These focus on what action needs to take place in regards to a received message and try to formulate an organized way to initiate that action.
What are Action-Oriented Listeners?
This involves the ability to monitor one’s own and others’ feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and action.
What is Emotional Intelligence?
Cross-cultural studies helped us understand that this is a social and cultural construct of how we categorize people based on masculine and feminine traits.
What is Gender?
Examples include: state ideas clearly, recognize when it is appropriate to communicate, identify and manage misunderstandings, and listen attentively.
What are Communication Competencies?
This is our tendency to explain others’ behaviors using internal rather than external attributions.
What is Fundamental Attribution Error?
This represents the notion that language shapes our view of reality and our cultural patterns.
What is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?
A culture or society that communicates dominantly through the use of contextual elements, such as specific forms of body language, the status of an individual, and the tone of voice employed during speech.
What is a High-Context Culture?
This refers to the process of pairing outwardly visible positive listening behaviors with positive cognitive listening practices.
What is Active Listening?
This essentially entails a weighing of the costs and rewards in a given relationship. Rewards are outcomes that we get from a relationship that benefit us in some way, while costs range from granting favors to providing emotional support.
What is Social Exchange Theory?
This is the tendency to view our own culture as superior to other cultures.
What is Ethnocentrism?
This type of communication is more speaker-centric.
What is Public Speaking?
1. Describe the behavior/situation without judging.
2. Think of possible interpretations of the behavior.
3. Verify what happened and ask for clarification from the other person.
What are the steps of Perception Checking?
These are conclusions based on speculation/thoughts. It's your best informed and educated guess.
What are Inferences?
This refers to the study of how space and distance influence communication.
What is Proxemics?
Both of these can interfere with our ability to process incoming information.
What are Physiological Noise and Psychological Noise?
This is the purposeful revealing of personal information to another person.
What is Self-Disclosure?
These are dualistic ways of thinking that highlight opposites, reducing the ability to see gradations that exist in between concepts.
What is Dichotomies?