Health: A Community View
Jennifer is a community health nurse in a large metropolitan area. According to the American Nurses Association's Code of Ethics (2015), community health nurses must align themselves with public health programs that promote and preserve the health of populations by influencing
A. socioeconomic issues.
B. psychosocial issues.
C. sociocultural issues.
D. developmental issues.
sociocultural issues
Which communicable diseases are most difficult to block the spread of?
A. Vector-borne
B. Man to man
C. Airborne
D. Waterborne
Airborne
Which theory is based on the assumption that individual needs and related activities are the focus of nursing care?
a. Orem's self-care deficit theory
b. The Health Belief Model
c. Milio's framework
d. Critical social theory
Orem's self-care deficit theory
Receiving immunizations, regular health screenings, and physical examinations is an example of
a. healthy behaviors
b. health protection.
c. secondary prevention.
d. health maintenance.
health protection
The nurse working in the community is aware that there are different models for studying the epidemiology of a health condition in a population. One model of investigation of the interrelationships and characteristics of disease is the epidemiological triangle. This model analyzes what three elements?
A. Incidence, prevalence, and etiology
B. Agent, host, and environment
C. Person, place, and time
D. Virus, bacteria, and fungus
Agent, host, and environment
Mary is a nursing student doing her senior project in community health. Part of her assignment is to conduct an activity that illustrates "social health" within a group in her community. The most appropriate activity for Mary to organize would be a:
A. neighborhood block party.
B. food bank in a local church.
C. community yard sale.
D. school fundraiser for the school band.
food bank in a local church.
How does vertical transmission occur?
A. Through mosquitoes
B. Through direct contact
C. Through droplets
D. Through placenta
Through placenta
community health nurse explores a group of teenagers' beliefs about the seriousness of eating disorders and their related susceptibility. The nurse is applying principles from which theory?
a. Orem's self-care deficit theory
b. The Health Belief Model
c. Milio's framework
d. Critical social theory
The Health Belief Model
Which "determinants of health" would include predisposition to prostate cancer and a history of depression?
a. Biology
b. Behaviors
c. Social environment
d. Physical environment
Biology
When chronic disease became a more important cause of death in developed countries, different epidemiologic models were developed to study the many factors involved in the development of these health conditions. Which is an example of such a model?
A. Person-place-time model
B. Epidemiologic triangle
C. Web of causation
D. Wheel model
Web of causation
Early public health nurse Lillian Wald and her associates were successful in addressing health and disease in the immigrant community by:
A. supporting political activities to improve social and environmental conditions of immigrant families.
B. administering bedside nursing care to immigrants and their families.
C. teaching the immigrant family members to provide health care in the home.
D. obtaining and administering medications to the immigrants and their family members.
supporting political activities to improve social and environmental conditions of immigrant families.
Which of the following disease is not required isolation to break transmission?
A. Measles
B. Mumps
C. Chickenpox
D. Tetanus
Tetanus
The belief that health deficits result from an imbalance between the population's health needs and its health-sustaining resources is the premise of which theory?
a. Orem's self-care deficit theory
b. The Health Belief Model
c. Milio's framework
d. Critical social theory
Milio's framework
According to the Health Belief Model, the inconvenience of driving to a gym to exercise is an example of a
a. perceived susceptibility.
b. perceived barrier.
c. perceived benefit.
d. cue to action.
perceived barrier.
The health literature accessed by the community health nurse often addresses the probability of an adverse event. What term refers to the likelihood that healthy people exposed to a specific factor will experience a specific health condition?
A. Prevalence
B. Rates
C. Risk
D. Incidence
Risk
Disease prevention activities protect people from disease and the effects of disease. An example of primary disease prevention is
A. teaching people with diabetes how to prevent complications.
B. administering vaccines to children before kindergarten.
C. checking the skin of farm workers for signs of skin cancer.
D. identifying and testing individuals exposed to someone with tuberculosis.
administering vaccines to children before kindergarten.
Hospital-acquired infection of surgical wound is mostly by:
a. Doctor
b. Airborne
c. Patient
d. Instruments
Instruments
Which nurse leader formulated the first theory-based conceptual model for nursing care?
a. Nancy Milio
b. Lillian Wald
c. Florence Nightingale
d. Dorthea Orem
Florence Nightingale
A man has been smoking for 20 of his 40 years. He smokes a pack of cigarettes daily and states, "My dad smoked two packs a day and lived to be almost 90. Besides, I'm going to die from something anyway, so why quit"? He is in which "stage of change" in the transtheoretical model?
a. Contemplation
b. Maintenance
c. Precontemplation
d. Preparation
Precontemplation
Through epidemiologic investigations, effective prevention measures are often identified. When the nurse is engaged in providing prevention for the community before disease has developed, the prevention activities meet the definition for what level of prevention?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Pathogenic
Primary
Which is an example of "community health nursing" rather than "community-based nursing"?
A. An RN assisting a doctor in a pediatrician's office
B. An RN visiting a home-bound patient to monitor for congestive heart failure
C. An RN reviewing school clinic records to determine which children are not up to date on their immunizations
D. An RN dispensing medications in a nursing home
An RN reviewing school clinic records to determine which children are not up to date on their immunizations
Which vaccine is contraindicated during pregnancy?
A. Rubella
B. Tetanus
C. Influenza
D. TB test
Rubella
Who created the statement “Helping people to help themselves?”
a. Nancy Milio
b. Lillian Wald
c. Florence Nightingale
d. Dorthea Orem
Lillian Wald
A risk factor refers to a(n)
A. probability that a specific event will occur in a given time frame.
B. exposure that is associated with a disease.
C. systematic way of distinguishing the risks posed by potentially harmful exposures.
D. proactive process in which individuals participate in behaviors that enable them to react to actual or potential threats to their health.
exposure that is associated with a disease.
A community health nurse participating in planning programs for the coming year considers incidence rates to better understand the needs of the community. Which statement below is the most accurate explanation of incidence rates?
A. New cases of a disease or condition in a community over a period of time are included in incidence rates.
B. The number of all cases of a specific disease or condition in a population at a given point in time relative to the population at the same point in time is included in incidence rates.
C. Incidence rate refers to the number of new cases of a disease in those exposed to the disease.
D. The term incidence rate refers to the percentage of deaths in a specific period of time from a specific cause
New cases of a disease or condition in a community over a period of time are included in incidence rates.