Argument & Rhetoric
This type of writing explains how or why something works rather than taking a position.
What is analysis?
This stage of inquiry involves developing a research question and exploring what you already know.
What is early inquiry?
This type of source provides firsthand, original information like interviews or studies.
What is a primary source?
This stage focuses on generating ideas without worrying about organization or correctness.
What is prewriting?
This concept states that all writing involves choices about layout, visuals, and presentation.
What is writing as design?
This part of an argument explains why the evidence supports the claim, often revealing hidden assumptions.
What is a warrant?
This metaphor describes research as entering an ongoing conversation where you listen before speaking.
What is Burke's parlor?
In the BEAM framework, this type of source provides proof to support a claim.
What is evidence (exhibit)?
This process is described as “re-seeing” a draft and may involve major structural changes.
What is revision?
This term describes communication that combines multiple modes like text, visuals, and audio.
What is multimodality?
This rhetorical appeal relies on credibility, fairness, and trustworthiness rather than logic or emotion.
What is ethos?
This category of knowledge refers to things you don’t even realize you don’t know.
What are unknown unknowns?
These sources are peer-reviewed and written by experts, making them most credible for academic writing.
What are scholarly sources?
This step should happen before editing and focuses on big-picture effectiveness rather than grammar.
What is reviewing?
This citation problem happens when quotations are dropped into writing without introduction or explanation.
What are Unidentified Flying Quotations (UFQs)?
This argument style seeks compromise and mutual understanding rather than winning or defeating an opponent.
What is Rogerian argument?
This research strategy combines multiple types of evidence (data, stories, expert opinion) to strengthen credibility.
What is triangulation?
This stage of the information lifecycle is fast but often incomplete or less accurate.
What is early-stage information (like news)?
This problem occurs when writers make only surface-level changes instead of restructuring ideas.
What is tinkering instead of revising deeply?
This method for integrating sources stands for Select, Limit, Integrate, Cite, and Explain.
What is the SLICE method?
This model of argument includes claim, data, warrant, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal.
What is the Toulmin model?
This stage of inquiry focuses on filling gaps, addressing counterarguments, and strengthening credibility after drafting.
What is late inquiry?
This problem occurs when writers use only sources that support their viewpoint while ignoring opposing evidence.
What is cherry-picking evidence?
This framework (Define, Explore, Act, Learn) guides both problem-solving in drafting and revision.
What is the DEAL framework?
This design principle refers to how size, placement, and contrast guide what the audience notices first.
What is visual hierarchy?