Unit 1-2
Why were Paleolithic Communities egalitarian in nature?
What are the core beliefs of Buddhism?
The 4 Noble Truths (end suffering by ending desires); follow the Eightfold Path/Middle way. Ultimate goal is Nirvana/Enlightenment
Which civilization had the greatest level of cultural continuity across history?
China
What 3 major trade routes in the Post Classical period did we discuss in class, which religions spread along them, and of these 3 which was most profitable?
Indian Ocean Trade (Islam) [Most profitable]
Trans Saharan Trade (Islam)
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of goods, animals, ideas, crops and food that occurred between Afro-Eurasia and the New World (North and South America)
How did the development of farming communities change gender relations?
What are the core beliefs in Zoroastrianism? (+50 points if you can name the holy book)
Religion (of the Persians); influence later monotheistic religions like Judaism. Behavior plays a role in an eternal battle between good and evil. Text: Zend Avesta
How did the Persian Empire view other cultures?
They were fairly accepting of other cultures and religions.
Which domesticated crops were unique to the Americas? Please use vocabulary
Potatoes and Maize (corn)
What is the Legacy of the Mongols? Be detailed.
Largest Empire in history up to that point
Only foreign conquerors of China
Reconnected East and West through reviving Silk Road trade
What were two characteristics that all early civilizations shared? (There were 6 total)
Cities (Stable Farming), System of Government, Religious Structure, Social Structure, Written Language or Record Keeping, Cultural Advancement
What was the goal of the early Chinese Philosophies and name one fact about each.
Attempted to achieve social harmony
Confucianism: Education/Strong Male Leader
Legalism: Strict laws/Harsh Punishments
Daoism: Spiritual balance found through meditation in nature
What were some of the scientific achievements of the Gupta empire? (Name 4)
Who were the Bantu People and what was their signficance?
Linguistic group in Africa, Migrated south and east spreading technology, farming and language.
What was considered the Islamic Golden Age, and why was it considered a Golden Age?
Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates. Advancements in Philosophy, History, Science, Medicine, Art etc. (House of Wisdom, concept of 0, Astrolabe) etc.
What is the important weather pattern that allowed for farming to take place in and was unique to the Indus Valley Civilization?
Monsoons
What were the vocab terms for enlightenment in Buddhism and Hinduism, and how did you achieve enlightenment in each of these religions?
Buddhism: Nirvana Hinduism: Moksha
Follow the 8-fold path to acknowledge the 4 noble truths and achieve Nirvana
Good Karma allows you to move up the cast system until you achieve Moksha
What caused the Fall of Rome: Identify 3 specific reasons
Answers may vary
What belief was common in Africa (the Mongol also practiced this religion) and give a short description of what they believed in.
Animism: the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence
What were the Crusades, what was the overall outcome of them, and what were their long term consequences?
Attempt by Christian Europeans to retake Jerusalem. The Christians failed to retake the Holy Land. New goods/ideas brought back by crusaders contribute to the Age of Exploration. Tensions between Catholics, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Muslims rise.
Write find one similarity and 2 differences between 2 of the river valleys. (may not compare Egypt and Mesopotamia)
Answers will vary
What is ethical Monotheism and the Covenent?
Ethical Monotheism: Belief that there is one god of the universe, and that god is the source of morality
The Covenant was the belief in Judaism that following Abrahams vow of Faith to God, as long as his decedents were loyal to God they would inherit a great kingdom.
Identify the long-term consequences of the Persian Wars (minimum 2)
Athens tries to lead the Greeks with the Delian League
Sparta creates the Peloponnesian League
Athens loses Peloponnesian Wars
Weakened Greek City States fall to Alexander
Weakened Persian Empire fall to Alexander
What were 3 major characteristics of Afro-Eurasian civilization that groups in the Americas lacked?
Lack of domesticated animals
Lack of disease immunity
Lack of advanced technology
Lack of codified religions
What is the relationhship between the Black Death and Feudalism?
Lower class individuals (i.e.) serfs lived in poor conditions with poor hygiene contributing to it's spread. The Plague killed so many people that Feudalism declines due to lack of workers.