Key Terms
The idea that working and making money is the greatest good one can do in the eyes of God; derived from the Protestant Work Ethic and Calvinism
What is Democracy?
rule by the people; a political system which supplies regular constitutional opportunities for changing the role of those in gov't power; a social system which permits the largest part of the population to influence major decisions through choosing contenders for political office
The capacity of state institutions to do what is needed
What is Late Industrializaton?
Industrialization which is slow in the beginning; industrialization occurs when the state intervenes with the market to stimulate the economy
What are Institutions?
The formal, written rules of how things work and structure behavior
What is "Traditional" society?
A society whose structure is developed with limited production functions; based on a pre-newtonian understanding of science and the physical world
What is Democratization?
The process of spreading democracy across various states, supported by the idea that democracy saves states from hardship (politically/economically/etc.); ebbed and flowed across decades and became most strong following 9/11
What is State Scope?
What Gov't chooses to overlook and act on; can manifest in Gov't doing too many things
What is the State?
The apparatus which imposes its authority in relation to economic expansion and industrialization
What are Property Rights?
The foundational driver of long-term economic growth and national prosperity; must be well defined and secure
What is Take-Off?
The point when a society overcomes traditionalist roadblocks and begins to exhibit growth; growth becomes the norm
What is Class Struggle?
The relationship between the patterns of working-class political action in different countries and their respective national income
What does "war made the state and the state made war" mean?
What is Nomial Protection?
Protection given to the price of products; when gov'ts impose tariffs or quantitative restrictions on imports, enabling domestic prices to rise above the price of foreign goods
How past political and economic choices lock societies into long-term trajectories where history heavily shapes, but does not entirely dictate, future outcomes
What is National bourgeoisie?
Business-owning, capitalist class in colonial countries who support independent national development and oppose foreign imperialism; pro-capitalist, anti-imperialist
Promoting democracy as a form of foreign policy
What is taxation?
Allows for states to develop politically and measure the effect of war; represents the strength of a state
What is Effective Protection?
Protection given to the profits of industries; takes into account the impact of trade barriers on the prices of products but also on the costs of goods used in their manufacturing
What is Creative Destruction?
An outcome of a good institution; permanent competition in which there are no perpetual winners and innovation is fair and profitable
What is Learning?
What is a Liberal Democracy?
A system of legal rights and checks that limit government power; done to prevent the "tyranny of the majority" and protect individual and minority rights from state overreach; The U.S. is a Liberal Democracy
Why is Population Density significant?
Low population density made it too expensive for African rulers to project power over large distances, shaping a state-building path very different from Europe's
What are Urban Interests?
The state securing policies that increase prices to consumers; workers + firm owners benefit from the increase
What is State Capacity?
What the state can do in relation to its domestic economy