Comp Sci

Digital Information

The Internet

Programming

Algorithms

Data Analysis

100

Consider this sequence of bits:

1011001010010010

How many bytes long is that sequence of bits?

Choose 1 answer:

100

What is the relationship between the Internet and the World Wide Web?

Choose 1 answer:

(Choice A)
There are some parts of the World Wide Web that use the Internet, but some parts that do not.
(Choice B)
The World Wide Web is built on top of the Internet.
(Choice C)
The World Wide Web is another name for the Internet.
(Choice D)
The Internet runs on top of the World Wide Web.

(Choice B)
The World Wide Web is built on top of the Internet.

100

This short program displays the winning result in a ship naming contest:

DISPLAY ("Boaty")
DISPLAY ("McBoatFace")

Part 1: How many statements are in the above program?

Part 2: What does the program output?

Choose 1 answer:

(Choice A)
```
BoatyMcBoatFace
```
(Choice B)
```
Boaty McBoatFace
```
(Choice C)
```
Boaty
McBoatFace
```

Part 1: 2

Part 2:

(Choice B)

Boaty McBoatFace

100

ScootALot is a scooter rental service. At the end of each day, they hire contractors to pick up scooters and distribute them optimally around the city.

The distribution algorithm considers all the possible locations for the scooters, compares that to the density of customers, and comes up with the optimal location for each scooter.

As the company becomes more popular, they realize their algorithm is taking an unreasonable amount of time to come up with optimal scooter locations.

What is the best way to improve the run time of the algorithm?

Choose 1 answer:

(Choice A)
Use a heuristic-based algorithm that suggests good locations for the scooters.
(Choice B)
Rewrite the algorithm in fewer lines of code
(Choice C)
Rewrite the algorithm in a different programming language.
(Choice D)
Use crowd-sourcing to give the algorithm ideas for the best places to place the scooters.

(Choice A)
Use a heuristic-based algorithm that suggests good locations for the scooters.

100

Talisa is an engineer that is helping a museum to digitize and analyze all of its historical books. After running the software over the first 100 books, she realizes that the museum computer has run out of space to store the digital files.

Which technique is the most needed to help them digitize the remaining books?

Choose 1 answer:

(Choice A)
Parallel computing
(Choice B)
Software modularity
(Choice C)
Distributed computing
(Choice D)
Software documentation

(Choice C)

Distributed computing

200

TSCII is a character encoding scheme that can encode text written in the Tamil language. TSCII uses one byte to encode each character.

This binary data is a TSCII encoding of a single Tamil word:

\[\texttt{1111111}\texttt{0}\texttt{110}\texttt{0}\texttt{0}\texttt{10}\texttt{0}\texttt{110}\texttt{0}\texttt{0}\texttt{10110111010}\]

How many characters are encoded in that binary data?

Choose 1 answer:

(Choice A)
32
(Choice B)
2
(Choice C)
8
(Choice D)
4

200

Which of these statements about the digital divide is true?

Choose 1 answer:

(Choice A)
The digital divide is affected by geography; some areas are harder to connect to the Internet than others.
(Choice B)
Only government actions can help bridge the digital divide.
(Choice C)
If everyone in the world had a computer and access to the Internet, there would be no more digital divide.
(Choice D)
Governments can never restrict Internet access for their citizens, thanks to the redundancy in Internet routing.

(Choice A)
The digital divide is affected by geography; some areas are harder to connect to the Internet than others.

200

This list represents the top runners in a marathon, using their bib numbers as identifiers:

frontRunners ← [308, 147, 93, 125, 412, 219, 73, 34, 252, 78]

This code snippet updates the list:

tempRunner ← frontRunners[3]
frontRunners[3] ← frontRunners[2]
frontRunners[2] ← tempRunner

What does the frontRunners variable store after that code runs?

Choose 1 answer:

(Choice A)
308, 93, 147, 125, 412, 219, 73, 34, 252, 78
(Choice B)
308, 93, 125, 412, 219, 73, 34, 252, 78
(Choice C)
308, 147, 147, 125, 412, 219, 73, 34, 252, 78
(Choice D)
308, 147, 125, 93, 412, 219, 73, 34, 252, 78
(Choice E)
308, 147, 93, 412, 219, 73, 34, 252, 78
(Choice F)
308, 147, 93, 93, 412, 219, 73, 34, 252, 78

(Choice A)
308, 93, 147, 125, 412, 219, 73, 34, 252, 78

200

Ophelia is working on a program that uses machine learning to analyze hospital CT scans for signs of cancer.

With her first version of the program, the computer took an average of 24 minutes to analyze 1000 images. To improve the performance, she parallelized the image analysis operation. When running the parallelized program on a hospital computer, the computer took an average of 6 minutes to analyze 1000 images.

What is the speedup of the parallel solution?

1/4

200

Hong Lien is a research director for NASA. She is hoping to build a system that can process millions of images from satellites orbiting the earth and analyze them each day for signs of deforestation and ocean debris.

She decides to hire an engineer specifically for the task of building the system and reviews many resumes.

Which of these lines on a resume is most pertinent to this task?

Choose 1 answer:

(Choice A)
"I have implemented multiple encryption systems."
(Choice B)
"I write highly modular code."
(Choice C)
"I have experience with anonymizing PII in databases."
(Choice D)
"I have experience building highly scalable systems."

(Choice D)
"I have experience building highly scalable systems."

300

Audacity is an open source audio editing application that provides a variety of effects that you can apply to audio files.

Which of these effects sounds like a lossy operation?

Choose 1 answer:

(Choice A)
Repeat: Repeats the audio a specified number of times.
(Choice B)
Reverse: Reverses the selected audio; the end of the audio will be heard first and the beginning last.
(Choice C)
Equalization: Adjusts the volume levels of particular frequencies.
(Choice D)
Invert: Flips the audio samples upside-down.

(Choice C)

Equalization: Adjusts the volume levels of particular frequencies.

300

One problem with packet-based messaging systems like the Internet Protocol is that packets might arrive out of order.

TCP is a protocol that can deal with out-of-order packets. When used over IP, each packet contains a TCP segment with metadata and data.

Which of the following best describes how TCP can reassemble out-of-order packets?

Choose 1 answer:

(Choice A)
The TCP metadata includes fields that describe where the packet belongs in the sequence. (Choice B)
The TCP data includes information at the beginning that describes where the packet belongs in the sequence.
(Choice C)
The TCP metadata and data can be combined to figure out where that packet belongs in the sequence.
(Choice D)
A separate packet (received after all the packets with data have arrived) contains information on the sequence of the data packets.

(Choice A)

The TCP metadata includes fields that describe where the packet belongs in the sequence.

300

Marlon is programming a simulation of a vegetable garden. Here's the start of his code:

temperature ← 65
moisture ← 30
acidity ← 3
DISPLAY (acidity)
DISPLAY (temperature)
DISPLAY (moisture)

After running that code, what will be displayed?

3 65 30

300

Which of these applications is NOT an example of distributed computing?

Choose 1 answer:

(Choice A)
The SETI project is trying to find extraterrestrial life. Thousands of volunteers run the SETI@home app on their home computers. SETI@home runs analysis algorithms using spare CPU cycles and sends results back to the SETI servers. The SETI servers collect all the data and report anomalous results.
(Choice B)
Puzzle Pirates is a online multiplayer game where thousands of players compete as pirate characters in puzzle games. Each pirate plays the game using an app on their own computer. The app communicates with the game's servers, sending data that must be stored, analyzed, and shared with other players.
(Choice C)
Alexa is a smart home assistant from Amazon. The small device sits somewhere in your home, listens to voice commands starting with "Alexa" such as "what's the weather today?" or "please order detergent". The assistant responds to most commands by communicating with Amazon servers which run the relevant code and return the result.
(Choice D)
Premiere Pro is a video editing program from Adobe that allows users to compose multiple videos and add special effects. Exporting the final video requires a lot of computational power, so Premiere assigns different parts of the exporting task to each of the computer's processors (as long as the computer has multiple processors).

(Choice D)
Premiere Pro is a video editing program from Adobe that allows users to compose multiple videos and add special effects. Exporting the final video requires a lot of computational power, so Premiere assigns different parts of the exporting task to each of the computer's processors (as long as the computer has multiple processors).

300

A national bank opts to use machine learning for deciding whether to award loans to applicants.

The engineers create the algorithm by training a neural network on their large database of previous loan applications and decisions (made by loan officers).

After they start using the algorithm for new loan applicants, they receive complaints that their algorithm must be biased, because all the loan applicants from a particular zip code are always denied.

What is the most likely explanation for the algorithm's bias?

Choose 1 answer:Choose 1 answer:

(Choice A)
A random fluctuation during the algorithm training stage accidentally introduced bias.
(Choice B)
The training data set was not large enough.
(Choice C)
For that zip code, the training data set only has loan applications that were denied.
(Choice D)
A programmer must have added rules to the algorithm to make sure it always denied applicants from that zip code.

(Choice C)
For that zip code, the training data set only has loan applications that were denied.

400

An environmental engineer is researching a new kind of biodegradable plastic and finds exciting results for the rate of decomposition.

The engineer wants to make sure that their findings will be available to a diverse audience. Their hope is that journalists, professionals from other industries, and future environmental engineers will be able to read them.

Which type of publication would best support the engineer's goals?

Choose 1 answer:Choose 1 answer:

(Choice A)
An email newsletter for science journalists
(Choice B)
Paid subscription-only journal for environmental engineers
(Choice C)
Open access journal about environmental engineering
(Choice D)
A local newspaper

(Choice C)
Open access journal about environmental engineering

400

Which of these is not a protocol that powers the Internet?

Choose 1 answer:

(Choice A)
HTTP
(Choice B)
IP
(Choice C)
UDP
C
UDP
(Choice D)
TCP
(Choice E)
PII

(Choice E)

PII

400

A software engineer uses this nested conditional for the online mapping software they're building.

IF (lat > 38 AND lng < -134) { 
    direction ← "NW"
} ELSE {
    IF (lat > 38 AND lng > -134) {
        direction ← "NE"
    } ELSE {
        IF (lat < 38 AND lng < -134) {
           direction ← "SW"
        } ELSE {
            IF (lat < 38 AND lng > -134) {
                direction ← "SE"
            }
       }
    }
}

When lat is 37.5 and lng is -131.2, what will be the value of direction?

400

The two procedures below are both intended to calculate the "range" of a list of numbers, the difference between the maximum and minimum numbers in a list.

Procedure #1:

PROCEDURE calculateRange(numbers) {
  min ← numbers[1]
  max ← numbers[1]
  range ← max - min
  FOR EACH num IN numbers {
    IF (num > max) {
      max ← num
    } ELSE {
      IF (num < min) {
        min ← num
      }
    }
    range ← max - min
  }
  RETURN range
}

Procedure #2:

PROCEDURE calculateRange(numbers) {
  min ← numbers[1]
  max ← numbers[1]
  FOR EACH num IN numbers {
    IF (num > max) {
      max ← num
    } ELSE {
      IF (num < min) {
        min ← num
      }
    }
  }
  RETURN max - min
}

Which of the following best describes the two procedures?

Choose 1 answer:

(Choice A)
Procedure #I returns the correct range, but procedure #2 does not.
(Choice B)
Procedure #2 returns the correct range, but procedure #1 does not..
(Choice C)
Both procedures return the correct range, but procedure #1 requires more operations on average than procedure #2.
(Choice D)
Both procedures return the correct range, but procedure #2 requires more operations on average than procedure #1.

(Choice C)
Both procedures return the correct range, but procedure #1 requires more operations on average than procedure #2.

400

The Chicago Police Department uses a database to keep track of reported crimes. After anonymizing the data, they make it freely available online.

Here's what the crime data set includes:

The date of the crime
The address (block level)
The type of crime (theft/battery/robbery/assault/etc.)
The location type (street/residence/business/etc.)
Whether an arrest was made (true/false)

Which of the following questions can be answered using the available data?

👁️Note that there may be multiple answers to this question.

Choose all answers that apply:

(Choice A)
What type of crime was the most common for each year in the data set?
(Choice B)
What was the average number of crimes committed per location type?
(Choice C)
Which month has the most number of robberies?
(Choice D)
How many assaults were committed by the same individual?

A, B, C

500

A math student is writing code to verify their project answers:

sideLength ← 6
area ← (SQRT(3) / 4) * (sideLength * sideLength)

That code relies on a built-in procedure SQRT() that calculates the square root of a number. After running the code, area stores 15.588457268119894.

Their classmates runs the same calculation on their own computer. Their program results in an area of 15.58845726804.

The two values are very close, but not quite the same.

Which of these is the most likely explanation for the difference?

Choose 1 answer:Choose 1 answer:

(Choice A)
One of the computers experienced an integer overflow error when calculating the result.
(Choice B)
One of the computers has a bug in its mathematical operations.
(Choice C)
The two computers executed the arithmetic operations using a different order of operations.
(Choice D)
One computer used an integer representation for the result of SQRT(3) while the other computer used the more accurate floating-point representation.
(Choice E)
The two computers represent the result of SQRT(3) with a different level of precision, due to their rounding strategy or size limitations.

(Choice E)
The two computers represent the result of SQRT(3) with a different level of precision, due to their rounding strategy or size limitations.

500

What does it mean for a system to be scalable?

A scalable system can handle an increasing number of users.

500

The code segment below uses a loop to repeatedly operate on a sequence of numbers.

result ← 1
i ← 6
REPEAT 6 TIMES
{
  result ← result * i 
  i  ← i  + 3
}

Which description best describes what this program does?

Choose 1 answer:

(Choice A)
This program multiplies together the integers from 3 to 36 (inclusive).
(Choice B)
This program multiplies together the multiples of 3 from 6 to 24 (inclusive).
(Choice C)
This program multiplies together the multiples of 3 from 6 to 12 (inclusive).
(Choice D)
This program sums up the multiples of 3 from 6 to 12 (inclusive).
(Choice E)
This program sums up the multiples of 3 from 6 to 24 (inclusive).
(Choice F)
This program multiplies together the multiples of 3 from 3 to 36 (inclusive).
(Choice G)
This program multiplies together the multiples of 3 from 6 to 21 (inclusive).

(Choice G)

This program multiplies together the multiples of 3 from 6 to 21 (inclusive).

500

A school IT administrator develops a procedure that compares two lists of grades and returns the percentage of grades in the second list that are higher than the related grade in the first list. They plan to use the procedure to measure student improvement.

As input, the procedure takes two lists of numbers:

PROCEDURE calcPercentGreater(list1, list2) {
  numGreater ← 0
  ind ← 1
  REPEAT UNTIL ( ind > LENGTH(list1) ) {
    IF (list2[ind] > list1[ind]) {
      numGreater ← numGreater + 1
      percentGreater ← numGreater / LENGTH(list1)
    }
     ind ← ind + 1
  }
  RETURN percentGreater
}

The administrator verifies the procedure outputs the percentage correctly, but they still want to improve the efficiency of the procedure by reducing the number of operations required.

Which change will reduce the most number of operations while still outputting a correct answer?

Choose 1 answer:

(Choice A)
Moving the return statement inside the conditional (after the calculation of percentGreater)
(Choice B)
Moving the calculation of percentGreater to be after the loop (but before the return)
(Choice C)
Moving the calculation of percentGreater to be after the conditional (but before updating of ind)
(Choice D)
Removing the updating of ind entirely

🤔

(Choice B)
Moving the calculation of percentGreater to be after the loop (but before the return)

500

Shameeka is setting up a computing system for predicting earthquakes based on processing data from seismographs (devices that record earth movements). The system will start off with data from local seismographs but eventually handle millions of data points from seismographs worldwide.

For her system to work well, what is an important feature?

Choose 1 answer:

(Choice A)
The system must be open-source.
(Choice B)
The system must use heuristic-based algorithms.
(Choice C)
The system must use lossy compression.
(Choice D)
The system must be scalable.

(Choice D)
The system must be scalable.