Homologous Structures
These structures share the same basic bone pattern but serve different functions in different animals.
What are homologous structures?
Structures that have the same function but different structure are called this.
Analogous Structures
Physical features that no longer serve a purpose in modern species are called this.
What are vestigial structures?
This type of evolution happens when a species splits into two or more new species from a common ancestor.
What is divergent evolution?
A diagram that shows how organisms are related by shared traits is called this.
What is a cladogram?
What is an example of a Homologous Structure?
Whales, Humans and Cats having the same bone structure but different functions
What would be an example of an analogous Structure?
Bats and Birds having different wings but both being able to fly
The wings of an ostrich are considered vestigial because of this reason.
What is they no longer use them for flight?
When unrelated species in similar environments develop similar traits, this type of evolution occurs.
What is convergent evolution?
The point where a new branch begins on a cladogram represents this.
What is a common ancestor?
Homologous structures provide evidence for this process, where one ancestor splits into many species.
What is divergent evolution?
Analogous structures point to this type of evolution where unrelated species become more similar over time.
What is convergent evolution?
What is an example of a Vestigial Structure human have?
Wisdom Teeth, or Appendixes
Two species evolving similar traits independently while far apart is called this.
What is parallel evolution?
Unlike a phylogenetic tree, a cladogram does not include this.
What is time or duration of existence?
Early Scientists Classified Bats as what?
Bugs or Birds
This pair of ocean animals—one a fish, one a mammal—shows convergent evolution.
What are sharks and dolphins?
The presence of vestigial structures supports this scientific idea.
Evolution
What would be an example of Convergent Evolution
Bats and birds
A scientist might use these features to determine where a species fits on a cladogram.
What are shared physical traits or structures?
Why is a whale considered a mammal and not a fish?
It shares structures more similar to mammals than fish
Explain why bat and bird wings are not homologous, even though they’re both used for flight.
They are built differently but can both fly
Whales’ hip bones are evidence that their ancestors once did this.
Walked on Land
African elephants, Asian elephants, and woolly mammoths show this type of evolution.
What is parallel evolution?
Looking at a Cladogram of a Bear, Dog, Human, Fish, and Parrot which animals share a more common skull structure
Bears and Humans