Classifying countries
List the 3 country classifications
Low income, middle income, high income
What does HDI stand for?
List 2 common low income industries and 2 high income industries.
Low- agriculture, farming, fishing, livestock. High- mining, education, healthcare, technology
What common disease is contracted from using unsafe water?
Cholera and typhoid
What are 2 characteristics of racial discrimination?
Race, skin colour, ethnic background, ancestry, national origin, cultural identity or appearance
What are the 3 characteristics of low, middle and high income countries?
What is the lowest and highest possible HDI score a country can achieve?
Zero to one (0 - 1)
What is the average life expectancy in low income countries?
65 years old
Safe water is required for a number of purposes - list 3
Consumption, food prep & cooking, washing & hygiene, agriculture
Name 4 countries considered among the most dangerous for women.
Chad, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Congo, Nigeria, Yemen, South Sudan, Syria
List 3 environmental characteristics
Safe water/sanitation, food security, housing, infrastructure and carbon dioxide emissions
What are the 3 dimensions of human development?
A long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living
Name 3 specific examples of communicable diseases.
Cholera, typhoid, HIV, influenza
Explain the difference between relative poverty and extreme poverty.
Relative = living on less than 50% of their country’s average income. Extreme = incomes of less than US$2.15 per day
How can racial discrimination contribute to lower life expectancy among Indigenous populations?
It can limit access to culturally safe healthcare and education, leading to higher rates of preventable illness and reduced health outcomes over time.
Why do high-income countries generally experience higher levels of gender equality?
Greater access to education, employment opportunities, and legal rights supports equal participation in social and economic life
What are the 4 indicators of human development?
Life expectancy, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, GNI per capita
Explain why high-income countries have a higher rate of YLD
Live longer, non-communicable disease are more common, greater diagnosis, conditions are survivable
Why might poverty persist even in countries where access to safe water has improved?
Safe water alone cannot overcome barriers like unemployment, low education, and poor housing, which continue to restrict opportunities and health outcomes.
What are 3 ways that gender inequality in low-income countries can reduce human development?
Reduces women’s access to education and income, limiting their ability to make decisions, access resources for a decent standard of living, live productive and creative lives, healthy lives
What are the approx. GNI per capita ranges for each of the income levels?
High- $13846 or more; Upper middle- $4466-$13,845; Lower middle- $1136-$4465; Low- $1135 or less
What are the 5 elements critical to human development? (P.E.O.P.L.E)
Participate in decisions, expand knowledge & choices, opportunities for productive life, participate in community and long and healthy life
List 5 reasons that attribute to Under-5 mortality rates
nutritional & health status of mothers, health literacy of mothers, immunisation, maternal and child health services, income and food availability, safe water and sanitation
How can poor sanitation contribute to intergenerational cycles of poverty?
Frequent illness due to poor sanitation can reduce school attendance and work productivity, limiting education and income opportunities for future generations.
How can forced marriage negatively affect both health status and human development in low-income countries?
Lead to early pregnancy, limited education, and exposure to violence, increasing maternal mortality and reducing opportunities for women to lead productive lives and reduce participation in decisions