General Cardiac
What makes the heart contract or pump?
Electrical impulses in the heart tissue
Which side of the heart has thicker muscle?
Left
What is the rate of normal sinus rhythm?
60 - 100 bpm
What is the class of Metoprolol and what do you check prior to administration?
A Beta-blocker. HR and BP.
What is the full name of CABG?
Coronary artery bypass graft
What is the machine that records the electrical activity of the heart?
An electrocardiogram (ECG)
What is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood to all body parts?
Aorta
What does P wave in ECG represent?
Atrial depolarisation/contraction
What is the class of Furosimide and what do you check prior to administration?
Loop diurectic. BP and potassium levels.
What is the medication used to relieve episodic anginal pain?
Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)
What does stable angina mean?
Chest pain that is provoked with exertion and alleviated at rest or with nitroglycerin.
What is the thick muscle layer in the heart called?
Myocardium
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) has wide a bizarre QRS complexes, true or false?
False
Name one medication for Atrial Fibrillation (AF) and explain how
Enoxaparin, warfarin, beta blockers, digoxin, amiodarone, apixaban
What is the most definitive diagnostic tool for heart diseases?
Left heart catherisation (LHC)
What blood vessels supply oxygenated blood to the heart?
Coronary arteries
What is the sac around the heart called?
Pericardium
What does asystole look like on ECG?
A flatline
Can you name 4 routes of administration of GTN?
Sublingual tablet, IV, oral spray, and patch
The mnemonic MONA for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treatment stands for Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, and what is the A?
Aspirin
What causes the S1 S2 / lub-dub heart sounds that we hear on auscultation?
The closure of the four heart valves
Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lung back to the heart?
Pulmonary vein
What are the two shockable rhythms in resuscitation?
Ventricular Fibrillation and Ventricular Tachycardia
What is the drug used for STEMI that must be administered within 3 hours if no direct access to Cath Lab
Alteplase - Thrombolytic Therapy
What heart rhythm is valsalva maneuver used for?
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)