Human Growth & Development
Development is cephalocaudal, which means
a. foot to head
b. head to foot
c. limbs receive the highest level of nourishment
d. b & c
An aggressive person who becomes a professional boxer because he or she is sadistic is displaying
a. suppression
b. rationalization
c. sublimation
d. displacement
c. sublimation
Super's life-span theroy includes
a. the life-career rainbow
b. the life-career starts
c. the life-career moon
d. the life-career psychosis
a. the life-career rainbow
*Donald Super's theory emphasizes longitudinal career-related behaviors*
*A person can play a number of roles as he/she advances through the 5 stages. Careers can include student, employee, pensioner, retirement, civic duties, avocations, and even family roles
In order to diagnose clients from a different culture
a. the counselor ideally will need some information regarding the specifics of the culture
b. the counselor will find the DSM useless
c. the counselor should rely heavily on cultural epoch theory
d. NBCC ethics prohibit the use of DSM diagnosis
a. the counselor ideally will need some information regarding the specifics of the culture
The standard deviation (SD) is the square root of the variance. A z-score of +1 would be the same as
a. 1 SD above the mean
b. 1 SD below the mean
c. the same as so-called t-score
d. the median score if the population is normal
a. 1 SD above the mean
*Z-scores as the same as SD. Z-scores are often called standard scores.
According to Lawrence Kohlburg, level 3, which is post-conventional or self-accepted moral principals,
a. refers to the naive hedonism stage
b. operates on the premise that rewards guide morals.
c. a & b
d. is the highest level of morality. However, some people never reach this level.
d. is the highest level of morality. However, some people never reach this level.
_______ is like looking in a mirror but thinking you are looking out a window.
a. Repression
b. Sour grapes rationalization
c. Projection
d. Denial
c. Projection
( All answers are considered defense mechanisms)
John Krumboltz postulated a social learning approach to career choice. This model is based mainly on the work of
a. Joseph Wolpe
b. Albert Bandura
c. Donald Super
d. Karen Homey
b. Albert Bandura
Our culture is more diverse than in the past. Multicultural counselors often work with persons who are culturally different. This means the client
a. is culturally biased
b. suffers from the diagnosis of cultural relativity
c. belongs to a different culture from the helper
d. presents problems which deal only with culturally charged issues
c. belongs to a different culture from the helper
Billy received an 82 on his college math final. This is Billy's raw score on the test. A raw score simply refers to the number of items correctly answered. A raw score is expressed in the units by which it was originally obtained. The raw score is not altered mathematically. Billy's raw score indicates that
a. he is roughly a B student
b. he answered 82% correct
c. his percentile rank is 82
d. more information is obviously needed
d. more information is obviously needed
*the benefit of standard scores over raw scores is that a standard score allows you to analyze the data in relation to the properties of the normal bell-shaped curve
Freud & Erikson
a. could be classified as behaviorists
b. could be classified as maturationists
c. agreed that developmental stages are psychosexual
d. were prime movers in the dialectical behavior therapy or DBT movement
Experts firmly believe that a common weakness in many groups is
a. setting too many rules
b. using a male and female coleader
c. that the leader uses a democratic style
d. a lack of goal setting
d. a lack of goal setting
A counselor who favors a behavioristic mode of career counseling would most likely
a. analyze dreams related to jobs/occupations
b. give the client a standardized career test
c. suggest a site visit to a work setting
d. a & b
c. suggest a site visit to a work setting
___ believe that aggression is learned. Thus, a child who witnesses aggressive behavior in adults may imitate the aggressive behavior.
a. Instinct theorists
b. Innate aggression theorists
c. Social learning theorists
d. Followers of Erik Erikson
c. Social learning theorists
Also known as observational learning
A counselor believes that clients who receive assertiveness training will ask more questions in counseling classes. An experimental group receives assertiveness training while a control group does not. In order to test for significant differences between the groups the counselor should utilize
a. the student's t test
b. a correlation coefficient
c. a survey
d. an analysis of variance (ANOVA)
a. the student's t test
A mother hides a toy behind her back and a young child does not believe the toy exists anymore. The child has not mastered
a. object permanence
b. reflexive response
c. representational thought
d. a & c
Object permanence and representational thought
A female group member is obviously not participating. A group member playing the _____ is most likely to mention this and urge her to participate.
a. gatekeeper
b. interrogator
c. scapegoat
d. storyteller
a. gatekeeper
During a counseling session a 42-year old male client threatens suicide. You should
a. keep it a secret as the client is not a minor
b. call the state child abuse/neglect hotline even though he is an adult
c. call his wife and mention that a serious problem exists but be very careful not to discuss the issue of suicide since to do so would violate the client's confidentiality
d. contact his wife and advise her of possible suicide precautions
d. contact his wife and advise her of possible suicide precautions
The three factors which enhance interpersonal attraction are
a. assertiveness, anxiety, ego strength
b. close proximity, physical attraction, similar beliefs
c. culture, race, assertiveness
d. ego strength, anxiety, race
b. close proximity, physical attraction, similar beliefs
Most experts would agree that the Wechsler IQ tests gained popularity, as the Binet
a. must be administered in a group
b. favored the geriatric population
c. didn't seem to be the best test for adults
d. was biased toward women
c. didn't seem to be the best test for adults
It was initially created for children
The sequence of object loss, which goes from protest to despair to detachment, best describes the work of
a. Freud
b. Adler on birth order
c. Erikson
d. Bowlby
d. Bowlby
Although task roles and maintenance roles are indeed positive, the group can suffer if the group is not flexible and remains in one or the other role too long since
a. an effective group needs some self-serving roles
b. if a group gets stuck in task roles, interactions suffers
c. if a group gets stuck in maintenance roles, little work (or tasks) will be accomplished
d. b & c
d. b & c
b. if a group gets stuck in task roles, interactions suffers
c. if a group gets stuck in maintenance roles, little work (or tasks) will be accomplished
A malpractice or liability insurance company is least likely to defend you if
a. you are sexually involved with a client
b. you violate confidentially
c. you do not have a client sign a release of information and send a record to another agency or provider
d. you call a state child abuse hotline and a client takes legal action since the child was actually the victim of an accident
a. you are sexually involved with a client
A young Latino male is the victim of discrimination. His counselor remarks, "I hear what you are saying and I will help you change your thinking so this will not have such a profound impact on you." In this case the counselor had suggested
a. an alloplastic method of coping
b. an autoplastic method of coping
c. the emic-etic distinction
d. the emic viewpoint
b. an autoplastic method of coping
A researcher working with a personality test discovers that the test has a reliability coefficient of .70 which is somewhat typical. This indicates that
a. 70% of the score is accurate while 30% is inaccurate
b. 30% of the people who are tested will receive accurate scores.
c. 70% of the people who are tested will receive accurate scores
d. 30% of the score is accurate while 70% is inaccurate
a. 70% of the score is accurate while 30% is inaccurate