Operating Systems basics
What is the primary function of an operating system?
What is To manage hardware and software resources of a computer?
What does FAT stand for in file systems?
What is a File Allocation Table?
What is virtual memory?
What is
A memory management technique that uses disk space as an extension of RAM.
What is a process?
What is
A program in execution
What is the purpose of user authentication in an operating system?
What is
To verify the identity of users
Name the core component of an operating system that acts as a bridge between hardware and software?
What is Kernel?
Which file system is most commonly used by Windows operating systems?
What is
NTFS (New Technology File System).
Name the memory allocation strategy where the largest available memory block is allocated?
What is
Worst-fit.
What is the difference between a process and a thread?
What is
A process is an independent executing program, while a thread is a smaller unit of execution within a process
Name one type of malware that can infect operating systems?
What is a Virus
What is the difference between multitasking and multiprocessing?
What is
Multitasking is running multiple tasks (processes) on a single CPU; multiprocessing is using multiple CPUs to perform tasks simultaneously.
What is the difference between a directory and a file?
What is
A directory stores files and other directories, while a file stores data.
What is a "page" in the context of memory management?
What is
A fixed-length block of data used in virtual memory systems.
Name the three states a process can be in?
What is
Ready, Running, Blocked
What is the purpose of a firewall?
To block unauthorized access to or from a private network
What is the term for the interface that allows users to interact with an operating system?
What is User interface?
What command is used to list the contents of a directory in Linux?
What is ls?
What is the primary purpose of a memory management unit (MMU)?
What is
To translate virtual addresses to physical addresses.
What is context switching?
What is
The process of saving the state of one process and loading the state of another
What is an access control list (ACL)?
A list that defines permissions for users or groups to access resources
Name two examples of open-source operating systems?
What is
Linux and FreeBSD.
Explain the term "journaling" in the context of file systems?
What is
Journaling records changes to a log before they are written to the file system to improve reliability.
What is "thrashing" in memory management?
What is
A condition where excessive paging reduces system performance.
Name one scheduling algorithm and briefly describe it?
Round Robin - Each process is assigned a fixed time slice in a cyclic order.
Explain the principle of "least privilege.?
Granting users the minimum level of access necessary to perform their tasks