Basics — Final
What does “boot sequence” mean?
The steps a computer takes to start the OS
What component supplies power to all parts of a PC?
Power Supply Unit (PSU)
What is an OS kernel?
Core part of the operating system
What does analogRead() return?
A value between 0–1023
What is path planning?
Finding a route to a destination
What is latency in computing?
Delay in data transfer
What does thermal paste do?
Improves heat transfer from CPU to cooler
What does virtualization allow a computer to do?
Run multiple operating systems
Why are interrupts useful?
Handle urgent events immediately
What is autonomous navigation?
Moving without human control
Why is regular data backup important in organizations?
To recover from data loss or failure
Why does increasing RAM improve performance?
More programs can run without slowdown
Why are permissions important in operating systems?
Control access and protect data
What is debouncing in buttons?
Removing false signals from rapid switching
Why is sensor fusion useful in robotics?
Improves accuracy using multiple sensors
What is the main risk of using public Wi-Fi without protection?
Data interception / hacking
What happens if a CPU overheats repeatedly?
Throttling, shutdown, or damage
What is the difference between a process and a thread?
Thread runs inside a process and shares resources
Why use external libraries in Arduino projects?
Save time and add functionality
What is feedback control in robotics?
Adjusting actions based on sensor input
Explain why strong passwords alone are no longer enough.
They can be stolen or guessed; need extra security like 2FA
Explain why laptops thermal-throttle more than desktops.
Limited cooling and airflow
Why is open-source software important in education and research?
Transparency, learning, customization
Explain how PWM controls motor speed.
Changes duty cycle to vary average voltage
Explain why autonomous robots need both hardware and software optimization.
Hardware senses and moves, software decides efficiently