System Fundamentals
COMPUTER ORGANISATION
Number Representation / Logic Gates
Networks
Networks 2
100

What is a stake holder ?

Stakeholder: Has an interest or investment in a project and is impacted by how it turns out.

100

What is the ALU ?

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

100

How many bits is a Byte

8 bits


100

What is a PAN ?

Personal Area Network

100

Which one has a bigger area to cover MAN or WAN? 

MAN

200

Tell 2 problems with data migration

Incompatibility with file formats in the new system- could lead to incomplete or incorrect data transfer

Non-recognisable data structures and formats- result in a mismatch of data, e.g. in customer records

Data lost or corrupted during transfer due to transmission faults/lack of adequate storage. Not usable at destination

Data misinterpretation due to conventions in different countries e.g. date, measurements, currencies

Different validation rules between companies- could lead to inconsistent/incorrect results

Might not be able to use data while transferring, problem if it's large and takes long

200

What is the function of the MDR ?

Memory Data Register (MDR): Stores data of instruction most recently taken from RAM, i.e. instruction about to be executed. Connected to RAM through Data Bus

200

E represents what numbers in Hexadecimal form ?


14

200

Describe the 2 types of data compression

Lossless and lossy

200

Which transmission media is the fastest ?

Fiber Optics


400

2 measures to prevent data loss

  1. Regular backups: On hard disks/ magnetic tape, online or on removable media (e.g. USB, CDs) for fast backup and storage
  2. Offsite storage: Data backups stored in different geographical location
  3. Firewall and antivirus: Prevent virus infections
  4. Failover systems: Computer system that system can switch to in case of hardware/ software/ network failure. Often switches automatically to reduce time
400

Tell me 2 differences between Cache and ROM

Teacher will tell if it is right or wrong


400

Convert 102(10)-->X(2)

1100110

400
Describe me 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of a VPN

Advantages:

Info can be accessed in remote places

No need for long-distance leased lines = lower cost

Enhanced security through encryption, can hide your IP address

Disadvantages:

Needs a professional with detailed understanding of security issues and configuration to ensure sufficient security and protection

Reliability of VPN is not directly under the organisation's control, but under ISP

Not all VPN products are compatible across different vendors

Comment: VPN can change working patterns, e.g. changes in costs, flexibility to employees and remote offices, global networking opportunities, less time travelling for remote users

400

What is a switch inside a network ?

Connection point but can identify which device is connected to which port, so can send data to target device

600
What is a phased implementation?

Convert one module at a time e.g. per department.

600

Describe every step of the machine instruction cycle

Fetch

Decode

Execute

Writesback

600

What is the truth table for OR ?

Teacher will tell if it is right or wrong

600

What is the Extranet ?

External extension to a LAN- Part of a network that uses internet protocols to allow controlled access by specific users to LAN or WAN. e.g. business wants to share some data/ information with clients or partners but not all, so extends part of network (extranet) available for access but with security/ privacy measures (e.g. firewall) so outsiders cannot access secure data

600

2 disadvantages and 2 advantages of wireless networking

Advantages:

Easier and cheaper to install than cable

Easier to set up temporary links

Easier to add new devices to network

Many public access points exist, can work from different areas like home

Can connect mobile devices, which are more convenient and portable

Disadvantages:

Relatively slow communication as signals travel through air

Affected by weather

Weaker security and protection

Higher error rates

Health concerns about long term exposure to electromagnetic waves

800

Tell me 2 ethical and 2 social problems of a networked world

Teacher will tell if the answer is correct or not

800
What is persistent storage and virtual memory

Known as persistent storage because contents are persistent, not wiped out after process is finished, or when there’s no power. 

Virtual memory: Part of secondary memory used as if it is main memory. If RAM is too full to load new program, another program/ part of another program is loaded on virtual memory to make room for the new program. If the other program is needed again, it’s swapped back out

800

What is the result of the following circuit:


Teacher will tell if it is right or wrong

800

Tell me all the layers of the OSI model and the function of atleast 3.

Teacher will tell if it is right or wrong.
800

Describe 2 characteristics of a wireless network 

Characteristics of wireless networks

Wi-Fi: Short range wireless network offering high bandwidth for data transfer

1G/ 2G: First/ second generation of mobile networking and telecommunications technology. Used analogue transmission

3G/ 4G: Third/fourth generation “. Digital, faster than 1G/ 2G

WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. Serves long-range networking, even in remote areas

Future networks: 5G or tactile internet