Vocabulary 1
Metabolism
all of the chemical reactions within each cell of an organism
Reactant (substrate)
substances that are changed during a chemical reaction
What is an enzyme?
mostly proteins that speed up biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy
What happens to the molecules when you change the temperature in a chemical reaction?
Molecules are moving FASTER and colliding more with each other
Which type of reaction absorbs energy (in the form of heat or light)?
Endothermic
Chemical Reactions
the breaking and forming of bonds between different substances during chemical changes
Denaturation
Enzyme’s active site gets deformed and loses
its specific shape...loss of biological activity
Are enzymes changed in a reaction?
No, they can be used over and over again
What happens if you add more substrate to a reaction?
The reaction moves faster due to more particle collisions
Which type of reaction releases energy (in the form of heat or light)?
Exothermic
Catabolic
break down larger molecules into simpler compounds...a release in energy = exergonic
Endothermic
Light energy is stored as chemical energy in sugar
What is the place called on an enzyme that fits a specific substrate, like a puzzle piece?
Active site
Why does changing the pH affect the speed of a chemical reaction?
Most enzymes only work at a very specific pH
What reaction does this formula represent?
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Photosynthesis
Anabolic
build larger molecules from smaller ones...requires consuming energy to do it = endergonic
Exothermic
Chemical energy in sugar is converted to chemical
energy released as ATP
TRUE or FALSE
Enzymes can break bonds in a substrate to form
three products.
FALSE, they can break bonds in a substrate to form TWO products.
What does a competitive inhibitor do?
It slows down the reaction
What reaction does this formula represent?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
Cellular Respiration
Activation Energy
the amount of energy needed to make a chemical reaction start
Catalyst
substances that speed up reactions without being permanently altered
What is one type of environmental change that can cause DENATURATION to happen?
extreme changes in pH, temperature, ion strength, and solubility
Why do catalysts speed up reactions?
Because of lower activation energy needed for the reaction to start
What substance is made by a chemical reaction?
Product