Concepts Mid-Term

Doppler

100

SAM is likely to cause which valve to leak?

Mitral Valve

posteriorly directed jet

200

A dagger-shaped LVOT Doppler signal is typical of what?

LVOT Obstruction

300

Name something that would increase an LVOT obstruction.

Amyl Nitrate

Valsalva Maneuver

Decreased afterload, increased contractility, decreased preload, increasing heart rate

400

Alternating strong and weak beats, demonstrating a failing heart, sometimes seen on Doppler, is called what?

Pulsus Alternans

500

If an HCM patient has a resting gradient of 22mmhg, but it increases to 35mmhg with amyl nitrate, is it obstructive, non-obstructive, or provocable obstructive?

provocable obstructive

gradient is less than 30mmhg, but greater than 30mmhg with manuever

RCM

100

T/F Restrictive Cardiomyopathies always have grade 3/4 diastolic function.

False, they can have any grade of diastolic dysfunction

200

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (storage disorder) with excess iron deposition?

Hemochromotosis

300

This cardiomyopathy can present with RWMAs in a non-coronary distribution and in the absence of coronary disease.

Sarcoidosis

400

Patients with multiple myeloma are at greater risk for which type of cardiomyopathy?

Amyloidosis

CM

100

This cardiomyopathy is characterized by abnormal, waxy protein deposits.

Amyloidosis

200

Which cardiomyopathy has noncaseating granulomas as a pathological hallmark?

Sarcoidosis

300

Cardiomyopathy with an abnormal accumulation of eosinophils in the blood.

Hypereosinophilia

400

The triangle of dysplasia is associated with which cardiomyopathy?

ACM

Arrythmogenic Cardiomyopathy

misc findings

100

Which cardiomyopathy is associated with an EKG that shows giant negative T waves in the precordial leads?

Apical HCM

200

What is the strain pattern for amyloid?

cherry on top, apical sparing

300

Mid-systolic closure or "notching" of the aortic valve can be seen on m-mode in which cardiomyopathy?

HOCM

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

400

What is the LV geometry pattern seen in dilated cardiomyopathy?

Eccentric Hypertrophy

Echo Numbers

100

Calculate the Stroke volume:

LVOT diameter: 2.2cm

LVOT TVI: 22cm

Heart Rate: 75

Is it normal?

83.6 cc

Normal

200

Calculate the Ejection fraction: 

LVEDV: 140 cc

LVESV: 90cc

Is it normal? 

~36%

abnormal

300

Calculate Cardiac Output:

LVOT diameter: 2.2cm

LVOT TVI: 23cm

Heart Rate: 67bpm

5.85 L/min

400

What are the upper limits of normal for LV mass for men and women?

men: 115 g/m2

Women: 95 g/m2

500

Given a peak LVOT velocity of 3 m/sec calculate the peak pressure gradient across the LVOT. 

36mmhg