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conditioned behavior
initiation of alcohol & drug abuse/ addiction
relationship between addiction & physical dependency
cessation/relapse/ & principles of CM
applications & effectiveness of CM approaches
100
This is known also as classical conditioning or Pavlovian conditioning.
What is respondent conditioning?
100
The result of the combination of availability, reinforcers, and punishers in the social environment.
What is initiation?
100
For behaviorists, this is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for the developement of addiction.
What is physical dependency on a drug?
100
Alcoholics repeated bruishes with the law, increasingly hostile environments, jobs harder to find and keep, and money becoming scarce.
What are contingencies that become more closely linked in time to the substance use, its rate gradually or abruptly ceasing?
100
There is a large body of empirical evidence to suggest that there should be an expansion of the use of this in the United States, however it is usually denounced as a treatment strategy here.
What is controlled drinking?
200
This will gradually produce diminishing effects drugs have according to Siegel's research.
What is repeated drug use in the same environment?
200
A term simply used to describe an operantly conditioned behavior that occurs at a relatively high rate.
What is addiction?
200
This sets the stage for experiencing withdrawal sickness and its relief, which is but one possible reinforcing effect that maintains addictive behavior.
What is physical dependence?
200
Because drug are highly avaiable in our society and they always retain thier ability to cause euphoria.
What is the reason behaviorists expect relapses to occur at high rates among early recovery?
200
People who are forced into treatment by family or courts, someone with liver dysfunctions, stomach problems, cardiac problems, over 40 years old, divorced, or have little support systems.
What are some reasons controlled drinking as a form of treatment might be inappropriate?
300
This behavior appears to be voluntary.
What is operant behavior?
300
The inability to refrain from drug use according to a behaviorist.
What indicates a sufficent history of reinforcement that has probably been acquired to impel a high rate of drug use?
300
The most common example of physical dependency with the absence of addiction.
What are hospital patients recovering from surgery?
300
Problem specification, helping clients to make a commitment to change, and specifying goals.
What are the three phases of contingency contracting identified by Dustin and George?
300
Taking antabuse as prescribed, attending AA or NA, and reading self help literature are some examples of_______ ________ __ _______.
What are conducive behaviors to recovery?
400
The learning of different responses to two or more similar but distinct stimuli because of the different consequences associated with each one.
What is discrimination?
400
Euphoria,social variables, and elimination of withdrawal sickness.
What are the 3 classes of reinforcers according to McAuliffe and Gordon?
400
When a heroin addict is administered a narcotic antagonist and they are discovered to have no physical dependency on the drug.
What is described as having "ice cream habits"?
400
In _________ __________ the developement and maintenance of addiction are the same as the developement and maintenance of any other behavior.
What is behavior counseling?
400
This has been applied to the problem of motivating the violent, alcoholic husband to seek treatment.
What is CRT or community reinforcement training?
500
The behavior generated to remove the stimulus results in relief from the noxious stimulus.
What is a negative reinforcement procedure that begins with an aversive stimulus?
500
_______ is almost always delayed when experimenting with drugs.
What is punishment, negative reinforcers, or consequences?
500
Some compulsive, long-term heroin addicts go for months, sometimes even years with out interrupting their use long enough to experience withdrawal.
What indicates that physical dependency is NOT the reinforcer driving thier addictive behavior?
500
This is what contingency contracting begins with according to Ullman and Krasner.
What is a functional analysis of behavior?
500
These are grounded in science and the procedures rely on incentives to motivate the clients.
What are two strengths of interventions?