NPDR
The earliest sign of diabetic retinopathy.
What are microaneurysms?
The main difference between PDR and NPDR.
What is neovascularization?
The most common cause of RVOs.
What is chronic hypertension?
Reduces the risk of developing wet macular degeneration.
What is AREDS?
The basic sign of development of wet macular degeneration.
What is subretinal fluid?
The main sign that indicates need for treatment.
What is macular edema?
The main form of diabetic neovascularization. Leaks on an angiogram.
What is NVE and NVD?
New blood vessels that circumvent the point of occlusion.
What are collaterals?
Death of photoreceptors due to progression of dry macular degeneration, leading to vision loss.
What is geographic atrophy?
A sign that can show up in dry macular degeneration, but that can also show up in wet indicating where the blood vessels grow up from the choroid.
What is pigment epithelial detachment?
Two treatments for NPDR other than anti-VEGF.
What is focal laser and steroid injections?
Advanced diabetic neovascularization. Can lead to ocular hypertenion issues.
What is NVI/NVA/NVG?
Taking longer for the dye to get through the veins and arteries.
What is delayed transit?
The basic signs of dry macular degeneration.
What is drusen and RPE changes?
CNV can cause subretinal hemorrhaging, which can lead to vision loss from this.
What is disciform scar?
Fat leaking from blood vessels. Also called lipid. Highly associated with macular edema.
What is hard exudate?
The point of PRP.
What is ablating ischemic tissue to reduce VEGF load?
Lack of bloodflow.
What is ischemia?
Helps track onset of wet macular degeneration by monitoring monocular vision for new onset distortion.
What is an Amsler grid?
Peripheral wet macular degeneration.
What is peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (PEHCR)?
Microvascular changes that indicate pre-neovascularization.
What is IRMA?
When the act of treating with anti-VEGF or PRP can cause scar tissue inciting a detachment.
What is the crunch effect?
When blood vessels become white due to lack of bloodflow.
What are ghost vessels?
Visual hallucinations. The brain's attempt at filling in gaps of vision.
What is Charles Bonnet syndrome?
A two-part treatment you can use to mobilize a subretinal hemorrhage and push it out of the central vision, hopefully limiting central scar formation.
What is TPA + pneumatic?