Conduction
Finish this sentence, "Conduction makes cities...?"
What is, "hotter than the surrounding country."
What is convection?
"What is "Heat is transferred by circular movement of hot and cold air."
What is radiation?
What is, "Radiation is when Heat is transferred indirectly (no touching) such as a microwave.
What is Mirage?
What is, "A mirage happens when hot pavement heats the layer of air floating just above it."
What happens to popcorn by Convection heating?
What is, "Hot air begins to rise in the popper while cooler air falls. As hot air circulates past the popcorn kernels, the kernels absorb the heat. What the kernels absorb enough heat to reach 100 degree C, the water inside turns to steam. The expanding steam makes the kernels pop open."
How does Radiation in a microwave work?
What is "Invisible microwaves excite water molecules inside the kernels. When the molecules move fast enough to reach 100 degree C, they change to steam and pop."
What happened to the hot pavement?
What is, "Because the hot pavement is in direct contact with the layer above it, this is considered a form of conduction."
How does Convection create our winds, ocean currents, and weather?
"What is " A breeze blows due to "circular convection currents" in the air.
Can radiation be uses to affect our planets weather?
What is "Yes. If Earth were not heated by the sun's radiation, it would be a frozen, lifeless planet."
Why are city temperatures always 1-3 degrees higher than the surrounding rural areas?
What is, "Cities have pavement such as sidewalks, road, parking lots, and even roofs. A great deal of ground air gets heats up this way."
What is "during the day, hot air rises over the warmer land, while cool air falls over the cooler water. This makes a nice cool shore breeze.
Where does the majority of our heat energy arrive from?
"What is in the form of radiation, via electromagnetic waves from our sun."
Earth's atmosphere and oceans hold onto that radiant energy and "re-radiate" it at night. This keeps the dark half of the planet from freezing at night.
Making popcorn by Conduction heating. How does it work?
What is, "The pan is in direct contact with the oil, so heat from the pan transfers directly to the oil. The oil is in direct contact with the kernels, so heat from the oil transfers directly to the kernels. What the kernels reach 100 degree C, the liquid water inside each kernel turns into gas (steam) and expands, making the kernels pop.
What happens with convection at night?
What is "At night, the land cools more quickly than the water. This means hot air rises over the warm water, while cool air falls over the cooler land. This makes a nice cool sea breeze.
Strong convection currents in our atmosphere also create violent thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes.
Is our atmosphere the right thickness?
"What is, "Yes. If it were too think, Earth would lose too much heat at night and like Mars, become icy cold. In opposite, if our atmosphere were too thick, Earth would hold onto too much heat and eventually bake dry.
This is why scientists were about global warming. "Man-made carbon emissions are thickening Earth's atmosphere causing the planet to slowly grow warmer.