Europe in Crisis
a rapid increase in prices
inflation
Hobbes’s name for the state, which he believed needed an absolute ruler with unlimited power
Leviathan
idea that rulers hold total power
absolutism
artistic movement that marked the end of the Renaissance
Mannerism
Name ONE of the three factors that fueled the French civil wars of 1562–1598.
1. The persecution of Protestants by Catholic kings
2. The fact that many nobles were Huguenots
3. Discontent with the growing power of the monarchy
French grant of rights to Huguenots
Edict of Nantes
specific rights that cannot be taken away
natural rights
location of Louis XIV’s court
Versailles
greatest sculptor and architect of the baroque period
Bernini
It established William and Mary as the rulers of England.
the Glorious Revolution
fleet of ships
armada
supporters of Parliament in the English Civil War
Roundheads
Russian word for Caesar
czar (tsar)
artistic style of the seventeenth century characterized by complex forms, bold ornamentation, and contrasting elements
baroque
It led to the development of the English Bill of Rights.
the Glorious Revolution
named Elizabeth governor of state and church
The Act of Supremacy
English Protestants who felt that the Church of England needed further reform and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship
Puritans
members of the Prussian landed aristocracy
junkers
wrote greatest literary work of the golden age of Spanish literature
Cervantes
It helped create a system of government based on the rule of law.
the Glorious Revolution
one who does not conform to established doctrine
heretic
the belief that the ruler gets his power from God and not from his subjects
divine right of kings
members of the Russian nobility
boyars
artist whose paintings represented the high point of Mannerism, reflecting the religious upheavals of the Reformation
El Greco
Name some key characteristics of Mannerism in art.
Tension and heightened emotions; Exaggeration and distortion