MEXICAN REVOLUTION
What was the Plan de San Luis?
The Plan de San Luis, proclaimed by Francisco I. Madero in 1910, called for an armed uprising against Porfirio Díaz's government to restore democracy and promote social reforms.
What was the New Economic Policy?
New Economic Policy (NEP),--> a small-scale version of capitalism
What was the role of women during World War I?
Women played crucial roles during WWI by working in factories, serving as nurses, and supporting military efforts on the home front. Their involvement marked a significant shift in gender roles and contributed to later suffrage movements.
What is the PNR? Put what the initials stand for and what it was.
The PNR stands for Partido Nacional Revolucionario (National Revolutionary Party), founded in 1929 by Plutarco Elías Calles to unify various political groups and stabilize post-revolutionary Mexico.
Mention 2 characteristics of Porfirio Diaz regime
Díaz promoted economic development through foreign investment. → modernization. The U.S., Britain, and France financed railroad construction, textiles, mining, and oil production
Communal ejido lands were transformed by law into the expansive haciendas of the rich (latifundios).
Through these and other expropriations, one percent of Mexico’s rural families came to own 85 percent of the land.
Civil and political rights were limited during the Porfiriato. (Elections, press, and strikes)
Mention 2 causes of the March Revolution of 1917
The situation worsens.
Angry peasants.
The Tsar continues with the repression and an authoritarian attitude.
Entry into World War I causes discontent among the population.
What was the Schlieffen Plan?
The Schlieffen Plan was Germany's military strategy in World War I, aiming to avoid a two-front war by quickly defeating France and then turning to fight Russia. The plan ultimately failed, leading to a prolonged conflict on both fronts.
Describe what was the maximato.
The Maximato (1928-1932) was a period in Mexican history when Plutarco Elías Calles held significant power behind the scenes, despite not being president.
What was the Plan de Ayala?
The Plan de Ayala, proclaimed by Emiliano Zapata in 1911, rejected the leadership of Francisco I. Madero and called for land reforms, particularly the redistribution of land to peasants.
Mention the difference between the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks
The Mensheviks were a faction of the Russian socialist movement that favored a more gradual approach to revolution and inclusion of a broader base. The Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, believed in a more immediate and radical revolution led by a smaller, elite party of revolutionaries.
Mention and describe 2 CAUSES of WWI.
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
Mention the cause of the "Roaring Twenties" in the United States.
During World War I, many countries, especially those in Europe, bought military weapons and supplies from the United States, which helped stimulate the U.S. economy. This trade boosted industrial production, leading to economic prosperity and a growth in manufacturing. After the war, the U.S. emerged as an economic power, fueling the consumer boom and cultural changes that characterized the Roaring Twenties.
Could you describe what happened during the Ten Tragic Days, as well as consequences and who was involved?
The Ten Tragic Days (Feb 9-19, 1913) were a violent coup against President Francisco I. Madero, led by General Victoriano Huerta and other military leaders, resulting in Madero’s overthrow and death. The event marked a key turning point in the Mexican Revolution, leading to Huerta’s dictatorship.
What was the Russian Civil War from 1918 to 1921? Who fought against whom?
The Russian Civil War (1918-1921) was a conflict between the Red Army (Bolsheviks/Communists) and the White Army (anti-Bolshevik forces, including monarchists, liberals, and foreign allies). The war ended with the victory of the Bolsheviks, leading to the establishment of the Soviet Union
Why did the US enter the War? Why did Russia leave the War?
The United States entered World War I in 1917 due to Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmermann Telegram, which proposed a German-Mexican alliance. Russia left the war in 1917 after the Bolshevik Revolution, leading to the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany.
Write the NAMES of the presidents of the Maximato (1928 to 1932) and the years they were in power.
Who was Venustiano Carranza and what did he do during the Mexican Revolution?
Venustiano Carranza was a leader during the Mexican Revolution who initially supported Francisco I. Madero, then opposed the regimes of Victoriano Huerta and later, Emiliano Zapata. He became the president of Mexico and played a key role in the drafting of the Constitution of 1917.
What was the 1905 Revolution "Bloody Sunday"?
The 1905 Revolution was a series of protests and strikes in Russia, sparked by the Bloody Sunday massacre, where peaceful protesters were killed by the tsar's troops. It led to widespread unrest and the eventual creation of the Duma, a legislative body.
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, officially ended World War I and imposed harsh penalties on Germany, including territorial losses and reparations. It also established the League of Nations to promote peace but failed to prevent future conflicts.
Mention the diferences between Capitalism, Socialism, Marxism and Anarquism
Capitalism is an economic system where the means of production are privately owned, and profits are driven by free market competition.
Socialism advocates for the government or collective ownership of the means of production to promote economic equality and welfare.
Marxism, developed by Karl Marx, is a theory of history and society that critiques capitalism, advocating for a revolutionary overthrow of capitalist systems to establish a classless, communist society.
Anarchism rejects all forms of hierarchical authority, including the state, advocating for a stateless society based on voluntary cooperation and self-management.